Nokea
Drugs that require refrigeration include:
- A. Insulin
- B. Amoxicillin suspension
- C. Vaccines
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because insulin (protein stability), amoxicillin suspension (post-reconstitution), and vaccines (biological potency) require refrigeration to maintain efficacy, per storage guidelines. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one drug. Choice B is wrong by itself because amoxicillin is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since vaccines are only one group.
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Schedule II drugs are characterized by:
- A. High potential for abuse
- B. Low potential for abuse
- C. No accepted medical use
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because Schedule II drugs (e.g., oxycodone) have a high abuse potential with accepted medical use, per DEA rules. Choice B is incorrect as low potential is Schedule IV/V. Choice C is wrong because no medical use is Schedule I. Choice D is incorrect since only A applies.
The primary care NP sees a 5-year-old child for a prekindergarten physical examination. The child's parents do not have immunization records, and a local record search does not provide proof of vaccinations, although the parent thinks the child may have had some vaccines several years ago. The NP's initial action will be to:
- A. assume the child is unvaccinated and start the full series.
- B. check titers for all vaccine-preventable diseases.
- C. administer a single dose of each vaccine today.
- D. consult state immunization registry again.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because without records, assuming unvaccinated and starting the series ensures protection. Choice B is incorrect (titers not practical initially). Choice C is wrong (single doses insufficient). Choice D is inaccurate (registry already checked).
An agonist activates a receptor and stimulates a response. When given frequently over time, the body may:
- A. Upregulate the total number of receptors
- B. Block the receptor with a partial agonist
- C. Alter the drug's metabolism
- D. Downregulate the numbers of that specific receptor
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because frequent agonist use can cause the body to downregulate receptors, reducing sensitivity to overstimulation as a compensatory mechanism. Choice A is incorrect as upregulation occurs with antagonists, not agonists. Choice B is wrong because partial agonists compete, not result from frequent use. Choice C is incorrect since metabolism changes aren't the primary receptor response.
Over-the-counter drugs that should be avoided in patients with hypertension include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Pseudoephedrine
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because pseudoephedrine, a decongestant, raises blood pressure via vasoconstriction, risky in hypertension, per guidelines. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen doesn't affect BP. Choice C is wrong because ibuprofen's BP effect is milder and not absolute avoidance. Choice D is incorrect since only pseudoephedrine is key.
Generic drugs may differ from brand-name drugs in:
- A. Active ingredient
- B. Inactive ingredients
- C. Therapeutic effect
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because generics may use different inactive ingredients (e.g., fillers, dyes) affecting appearance or tolerability, but not efficacy, per FDA rules. Choice A is incorrect as active ingredients must be identical. Choice C is wrong because therapeutic effects are equivalent. Choice D is incorrect since only inactive ingredients differ.