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During a home visit, a member of the family you're visiting who has been using marijuana for three years tells theyou that he wants to be 'detoxified'. It is important for the nurse to ____.
- A. Instruct the patient to change his lifestyle
- B. Identify the patient's stage of change
- C. Tell the patient that relapses are not tolerated
- D. Realize that the patient is ready for change
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Identifying the patient's stage of change is crucial when someone expresses a desire to be "detoxified" from a substance like marijuana. The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) outlines different stages individuals go through when making behavior changes. By identifying which stage the patient is in (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, or relapse), the nurse can tailor interventions and support accordingly. This approach helps ensure that interventions are effective and appropriate for the individual's readiness for change. It is important to meet the patient where they are in their journey towards detoxification and offer support and guidance accordingly.
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The PRC-Board of Nursing (PR-BON) has the power to regulate Nursing Practice in the Philippines. The regulatory functions include the following except
- A. enforce and monitor quality standards of nursing practice in the county
- B. issue, suspend revoke or reissue certification of registered nurses
- C. ensure proper conduct. Or nurses 1icensure in the county
- D. issue permit for the opening of nursing programs in the country
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Philippine Regulatory Commission - Board of Nursing (PRC-BON) has the power to regulate nursing practice in the Philippines.
During the postpartum assessment, a new mother reports experiencing mild cramping and uterine contractions while breastfeeding. What physiological process is responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Prolactin release
- B. Oxytocin release
- C. Estrogen surge
- D. Progesterone withdrawal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oxytocin release is responsible for the mild cramping and uterine contractions experienced by the new mother while breastfeeding. When a baby suckles at the breast, it stimulates nerve endings that signal the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland. Oxytocin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in stimulating the contraction of the uterine muscles, helping the uterus to contract back to its pre-pregnancy size. This process, known as uterine involution, is essential for postpartum recovery and preventing excessive bleeding. Therefore, the new mother's experience of mild cramping and uterine contractions while breastfeeding is a normal physiological response mediated by the release of oxytocin.
A nurse is preparing to perform a wound debridement procedure for a patient with a necrotic wound. What action should the nurse prioritize to minimize patient discomfort during the procedure?
- A. Administering systemic analgesia before the procedure
- B. Using sharp debridement techniques to minimize manipulation
- C. Applying a topical anesthetic cream to the wound site
- D. Performing the debridement procedure quickly to reduce duration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering systemic analgesia, such as pain medications or anesthesia, before the wound debridement procedure is the most effective way to minimize patient discomfort. These medications will help manage and reduce the pain experienced by the patient during the procedure, making it more tolerable for them. Topical anesthetic cream may provide some localized relief but may not be sufficient for significant pain management during a wound debridement procedure. Using sharp debridement techniques or performing the procedure quickly may help reduce manipulation or duration, respectively, but these actions alone may not adequately address the patient's pain and discomfort. Administering systemic analgesia ensures that the patient's overall pain is managed, promoting a more comfortable and successful wound debridement procedure.
A patient receiving palliative care for end-stage lung disease experiences dyspnea and anxiety. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to address the patient's symptoms?
- A. Administer supplemental oxygen therapy to improve oxygenation.
- B. Teach the patient diaphragmatic breathing exercises for respiratory support.
- C. Prescribe benzodiazepine medications to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.
- D. Refer the patient to a pulmonologist for evaluation and treatment of dyspnea.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Teaching the patient diaphragmatic breathing exercises for respiratory support would be the most appropriate intervention to address the symptoms of dyspnea and anxiety in this scenario. Diaphragmatic breathing, also known as belly breathing, focuses on engaging the diaphragm for deep, slow breaths, which can help improve lung expansion and ventilation. This technique can help the patient manage their breathing difficulty and reduce anxiety by promoting relaxation and improving oxygen exchange in the lungs. It empowers the patient with a coping strategy they can use independently to alleviate distressing symptoms at any time. Administering oxygen therapy may be beneficial, but the priority is to teach the patient a technique they can use proactively and routinely. Prescribing benzodiazepines should be considered as an adjunct if non-pharmacological interventions are ineffective in managing anxiety. Referring to a pulmonologist may be necessary for comprehensive evaluation and treatment but may not directly address the immediate symptoms of dyspnea and anxiety.
A patient presents with chest pain that occurs during heavy lifting or physical exertion and is relieved by rest. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may show transient ST-segment depression. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Prinzmetal's angina
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The given patient's symptoms of chest pain that occurs during heavy lifting or physical exertion and is relieved by rest are consistent with stable angina. Stable angina is characterized by predictable chest pain that occurs with exertion and is typically relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. The transient ST-segment depression on ECG is also a common finding in patients with stable angina, which reflects myocardial ischemia during episodes of chest pain triggered by exertion. In contrast, unstable angina is characterized by chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion that is of increasing frequency, severity, or duration. Acute myocardial infarction is associated with persistent ST-segment elevation or new Q-waves on ECG, and Prinzmetal's angina is characterized by chest pain at rest due to coronary artery spasm rather than exertion.