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During a patient's physical examination the nurse notes that the lower uterine segment is soft on palpation. The nurse would document this finding as:
- A. Hegar's sign.
- B. McDonald's sign.
- C. Chadwick's sign.
- D. Goodell's sign.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chadwick's sign. This sign refers to the bluish discoloration of the cervix and vagina due to increased vascularity in early pregnancy. The lower uterine segment being soft on palpation is consistent with Chadwick's sign, indicating early signs of pregnancy.
A: Hegar's sign refers to softening of the lower uterine segment, not the cervix or vagina.
B: McDonald's sign is the softening of the uterus at the isthmus, not specifically at the lower uterine segment.
D: Goodell's sign pertains to softening of the cervix, not the lower uterine segment.
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A patient in her first trimester complains of nausea and vomiting. The patient asks, “Why is
this happening?” What is the nurse’s best response?
- A. "It is due to an increase in gastric motility."
- B. "It may be due to changes in hormones."
- C. "It is related to an increase in glucose levels."
- D. "It is caused by a decrease in gastric secretions."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "It may be due to changes in hormones." During the first trimester of pregnancy, hormonal changes, particularly an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen levels, can trigger nausea and vomiting. This is known as morning sickness. These hormonal fluctuations can affect the gastrointestinal system, leading to symptoms of nausea and vomiting.
Choice A (increase in gastric motility) is incorrect because nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are more commonly attributed to hormonal changes rather than an increase in gastric motility.
Choice C (increase in glucose levels) is also incorrect as there is no direct link between elevated glucose levels and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
Choice D (decrease in gastric secretions) is incorrect as there is no evidence to support that a decrease in gastric secretions causes nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
The mucous plug that forms in the endocervical canal is called the:
- A. operculum.
- B. leukorrhe
- C. funic souffle
- D. ballottement.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: operculum. The mucous plug in the endocervical canal is called the operculum because it acts as a protective barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the uterus during pregnancy. This plug seals the cervix to protect the developing fetus. The other choices are incorrect because leukorrhea (choice B) refers to vaginal discharge, funic souffle (choice C) is a term related to fetal heart sounds, and ballottement (choice D) is a physical examination technique used to assess for floating objects in the uterus.
During a patient's physical examination the nurse notes that the lower uterine segment is soft on palpation. The nurse would document this finding as:
- A. Hegar's sign.
- B. McDonald's sign.
- C. Chadwick's sign.
- D. Goodell's sign.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At approximately 6 weeks of gestation, softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment occurs; this is called Hegar's sign.
The nurse is educating a pregnant client about common discomforts during the third trimester. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Perform pelvic-tilt exercises.
- B. Eat crackers prior to getting out of bed in the morning.
- C. Use humidifiers or saline nose drops.
- D. Wear a supportive bra.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform pelvic-tilt exercises. Pelvic-tilt exercises help alleviate back pain common in the third trimester by strengthening abdominal muscles and reducing strain on the lower back. This is appropriate for addressing discomforts during pregnancy.
B: Eating crackers before getting out of bed helps with morning sickness, not third-trimester discomforts.
C: Using humidifiers or saline nose drops is more related to nasal congestion, not common discomforts in the third trimester.
D: Wearing a supportive bra is important during pregnancy but does not directly address common discomforts in the third trimester.
A woman at 10 weeks of gestation who is seen in the prenatal clinic with presumptive signs and symptoms of pregnancy likely will have:
- A. amenorrhea
- B. positive pregnancy test
- C. Chadwick's sign
- D. Hegar's sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Presumptive signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea, nausea, and breast changes. Positive pregnancy tests and physical signs like Chadwick's or Hegar's signs are classified as probable signs.