Nokea
During a well-child visit, the nurse practitioner provides guidance about promoting healthy eating in a child who is overweight. What does the nurse advise?
- A. Slow down eating meals.
- B. Avoid between-meal snacks.
- C. Include low-fat foods in meals.
- D. Use foods that child likes as special treats.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slowing down eating helps recognize fullness, preventing overeating. Snacks maintain stable hunger, low-fat foods may be high-calorie, and using food as treats promotes unhealthy eating habits.
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During a well-child visit, the nurse plots the childs BMI on the health record. What is the purpose of the BMI?
- A. To determine medication dosages
- B. To predict adult height and weight
- C. To identify coping strategies used by the child
- D. To provide a consistent measure of obesity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: BMI provides a standardized measure to assess obesity by comparing body weight to height, guiding interventions. It?s not used for medication dosages, height prediction, or coping strategies.
A parent calls the clinic nurse because his 7-year-old child was bitten by a black widow spider. What action should the nurse advise the parent to take?
- A. Apply warm compresses.
- B. Carefully scrape off the stinger.
- C. Take the child to the emergency department.
- D. Apply a thin layer of corticosteroid cream.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Black widow spider venom is neurotoxic, requiring emergency treatment with antivenin and possibly muscle relaxants. Warm compresses spread the venom, black widows lack stingers, and corticosteroid cream is ineffective against the venom.
A toddler has a deep laceration contaminated with dirt and sand. Before closing the wound, the nurse should irrigate with what solution?
- A. Alcohol
- B. Normal saline
- C. Povidone-iodine
- D. Hydrogen peroxide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Normal saline is the safest and most effective solution for irrigating open wounds as it cleans without causing tissue damage. Alcohol is too harsh, povidone-iodine is contraindicated for fresh wounds due to cytotoxicity, and hydrogen peroxide can cause subcutaneous gas formation under pressure.
An occlusive dressing is applied to a large abrasion. This is advantageous because the dressing will accomplish what?
- A. Deliver vitamin C to the wound.
- B. Provide an antiseptic for the wound.
- C. Maintain a moist environment for healing.
- D. Promote mechanical friction for healing.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Occlusive dressings, such as Acuderm, maintain a moist environment that promotes healing by preventing dehydration of the wound bed and supporting cell migration. They do not deliver vitamin C, provide antiseptic properties, or promote friction, which could harm the wound.
The nurse should know what about Lyme disease?
- A. Very difficult to prevent
- B. Easily treated with oral antibiotics in stages 1, 2, and 3
- C. Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite
- D. Common in geographic areas where the soil contains the mycotic spores that cause the disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete transmitted through a tick bite, leading to symptoms like erythema migrans. Prevention involves avoiding tick-infested areas and wearing protective clothing. It is not caused by mycotic spores, and while treatable with antibiotics, later stages may require more complex treatment.