Nokea
A 6-year-old boy with very fair skin will be joining his family during a beach vacation. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Keep him off the beach during the daytime hours.
- B. Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 and reapply it every 2 to 3 hours.
- C. Apply a topical sunscreen product with an SPF of 30 in the morning.
- D. Dress him in long pants and long-sleeved shirt and keep him under a beach umbrella.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher, reapplied every 2-3 hours and after water exposure, protects fair skin from UV damage. Avoiding the beach is impractical, a single SPF 30 application is insufficient, and long clothing with an umbrella is less practical than sunscreen.
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The school nurse is seeing a child who collected some poison ivy leaves during recess. He says only his hands touched it. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
- A. Soak his hands in warm water.
- B. Apply Burow's solution compresses.
- C. Rinse his hands in cold running water.
- D. Scrub his hands thoroughly with antibacterial soap.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rinsing with cold running water within 15 minutes neutralizes urushiol, the oil causing poison ivy dermatitis, preventing it from bonding to the skin. Warm water is used after dermatitis develops, Burow's solution treats lesions, and antibacterial soap can spread urushiol by removing skin oils.
The nurse has determined that an adolescents body mass index (BMI) is in the 90th percentile. What information should the nurse convey to the adolescent?
- A. The adolescent is overweight.
- B. The adolescent has maintained weight within the normal range.
- C. The adolescent is at risk for becoming overweight.
- D. Nutritional supplementation should occur at least three times per week
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A BMI in the 85th-94th percentile indicates a risk for becoming overweight, requiring monitoring and lifestyle changes. A BMI ?95th percentile denotes overweight, and supplementation is not indicated.
The nurse should know what about Lyme disease?
- A. Very difficult to prevent
- B. Easily treated with oral antibiotics in stages 1, 2, and 3
- C. Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite
- D. Common in geographic areas where the soil contains the mycotic spores that cause the disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete transmitted through a tick bite, leading to symptoms like erythema migrans. Prevention involves avoiding tick-infested areas and wearing protective clothing. It is not caused by mycotic spores, and while treatable with antibiotics, later stages may require more complex treatment.
Parents phone the nurse and say that their child just knocked out a permanent tooth. What should the nurses instructions to the parents include?
- A. Place the tooth in a dry container for transport.
- B. Hold the tooth by the crown and not by the root area.
- C. Transport the child and tooth to a dentist within 18 hours.
- D. Take the child to hospital emergency department if his or her mouth is bleeding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Holding the tooth by the crown prevents damage to the root, which is critical for reimplantation. The tooth should be kept moist in milk or saline, seen by a dentist immediately, and bleeding is expected but not the primary reason for emergency care.
During a well-child visit, the nurse plots the childs BMI on the health record. What is the purpose of the BMI?
- A. To determine medication dosages
- B. To predict adult height and weight
- C. To identify coping strategies used by the child
- D. To provide a consistent measure of obesity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: BMI provides a standardized measure to assess obesity by comparing body weight to height, guiding interventions. It?s not used for medication dosages, height prediction, or coping strategies.