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During an interview, a parent of a hospitalized child is sitting in an open position. As the interviewer begins to discuss his son's treatment, however, he suddenly crosses his arms against his chest and crosses his legs. This would suggest that the parent is:
- A. just changing positions.
- B. more comfortable in this position.
- C. tired and needs a break from the interview.
- D. uncomfortable talking about his son's treatment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The parent's sudden change in body language from an open position to crossing arms and legs suggests discomfort or defensiveness, particularly when discussing his son's treatment. This closed-off position indicates a lack of willingness to share information and potentially signals discomfort with the topic being discussed. Choice A is incorrect as the abrupt shift in body language indicates more than just a change in position. Choice B is incorrect because crossing arms and legs typically signal defensiveness or discomfort rather than comfort. Choice C is incorrect as there are specific body language cues indicating discomfort rather than just fatigue.
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An individual who takes the magicoreligious perspective of illness and disease is likely to believe that his or her illness was caused by:
- A. germs and viruses.
- B. supernatural forces.
- C. eating imbalanced foods.
- D. an imbalance within his or her spiritual nature.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The magicoreligious perspective of illness and disease is based on the belief that supernatural forces play a significant role in causing health problems. Individuals holding this perspective may believe that their illness was caused by curses, evil spirits, or other supernatural factors rather than conventional explanations like germs or viruses. This worldview influences how they perceive and seek treatment for their health conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is B) supernatural forces. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the supernatural beliefs associated with the magicoreligious perspective. This perspective focuses on attributing illness to supernatural causes rather than biological, dietary, or spiritual imbalances.
What would be an appropriate nursing response when a mother reports that her 16-month-old toddler has an earache?
- A. Maybe the toddler is just teething.
- B. I will check her ear for an ear infection.
- C. Are you sure the toddler is really in pain?
- D. Please describe what the toddler is doing to indicate she is in pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The appropriate nursing response would be to assess the toddler's ear to determine if there is indeed an ear infection causing the earache. It is crucial to provide timely and suitable care for the child's pain and discomfort. Checking for an ear infection is a necessary step in evaluating the source of the toddler's earache. Choice A is incorrect as it assumes the earache is due to teething without proper assessment. Choice C questions the mother's report rather than focusing on the child's condition. Choice D is not as direct and focused as directly examining the ear for a possible infection.
When evaluating the reliability of a patient's responses, which of these statements would be correct? The patient:
- A. has a history of drug abuse and therefore is not reliable.
- B. provided consistent information and therefore is reliable.
- C. smiled throughout the interview and therefore is assumed reliable.
- D. would not answer questions concerning stress and therefore is not reliable.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In evaluating the reliability of a patient's responses, consistency in the information provided by the patient is crucial. When a patient provides consistent information, it indicates that their responses are trustworthy and reliable. In this scenario, the nurse can consider the patient as reliable based on the consistency of the information provided. Other factors such as a history of drug abuse, smiling behavior, or refusal to answer certain questions may not necessarily determine the reliability of the patient's responses. Therefore, the correct choice is B as consistency in responses is a more reliable indicator of trustworthiness than other factors mentioned in the choices.
When a female patient who does not speak English well requires an interpreter, what would be the most appropriate choice?
- A. A trained interpreter
- B. A male family member
- C. A female family member
- D. A volunteer college student from the foreign language studies department
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To facilitate effective communication between a female patient with limited English proficiency and healthcare providers, the most appropriate choice is a trained interpreter. Trained interpreters, especially those familiar with medical terminology, ensure accurate transmission of information and maintain patient-provider confidentiality. Using a family member, whether male or female, can lead to misunderstandings, breaches of confidentiality, and potential biases. Volunteer college students may lack the necessary skills and experience to handle sensitive medical conversations professionally. Opting for a trained interpreter is crucial to enhance communication quality, promote understanding, and uphold patient care standards.
During an interview, the nurse states, 'You mentioned shortness of breath. Tell me more about that.' Which verbal skill is used with this statement?
- A. Reflection
- B. Facilitation
- C. Direct question
- D. Open-ended question
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse's statement, 'Tell me more about that,' is an example of an open-ended question. Open-ended questions encourage the interviewee to provide detailed information and expand on their responses. This type of question is useful for gathering narrative information and allows the interviewee to express themselves freely. Reflection involves restating or paraphrasing the client's words, facilitation encourages the client to say more, and direct questions typically elicit specific, close-ended responses, unlike open-ended questions.