Nokea
During fetal development which cells give rise to primary oocytes?
- A. Spermatogonia
- B. Secondary oocytes
- C. Oogonia
- D. Granulosa cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oogonia. Oogonia are the cells that give rise to primary oocytes during fetal development. Oogonia undergo mitosis to produce primary oocytes, which then enter meiosis I to form secondary oocytes. Spermatogonia (A) are male germ cells that develop into sperm, not oocytes. Secondary oocytes (B) are formed from primary oocytes in the ovary after meiosis I completion. Granulosa cells (D) are somatic cells in the ovary that support oocyte development but do not give rise to oocytes themselves.
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Which of the following events does NOT lead to genetic variation?
- A. Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis.
- B. Random fertilization between ovum and sperm.
- C. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.
- D. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis II.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis II does not lead to genetic variation. This is because crossing over occurs during meiosis I, not meiosis II. Meiosis II is when the separated chromatids are pulled apart to form haploid cells. Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis (A) and random fertilization between ovum and sperm (B) both contribute to genetic variation by creating unique combinations of alleles. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I (C) also leads to genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Spermatogenesis is a function of the _____.
- A. tunica albuginea
- B. rete testis
- C. seminiferous tubule
- D. seminal vesicle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: seminiferous tubule. Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm production and occurs within the seminiferous tubules of the testes. These tubules contain specialized cells called germ cells that undergo meiosis to produce sperm. The tunica albuginea is a fibrous layer surrounding the testes, the rete testis is a network of tubules where sperm is transported, and the seminal vesicle is a gland that produces seminal fluid, not involved in sperm production. Therefore, the seminiferous tubule is the correct choice for spermatogenesis.
The female Bartholin glands correspond to the male _____.
- A. prostate
- B. Cowper's
- C. seminal vesicle
- D. glans
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The female Bartholin glands are homologous to the male Cowper's glands. Both glands secrete fluid to lubricate the reproductive tract during sexual arousal. The prostate gland (choice A) is not the correct answer as it is a different structure that produces seminal fluid. The seminal vesicles (choice C) secrete a significant portion of the seminal fluid but are not the male counterpart to the Bartholin glands. The glans (choice D) refers to the tip of the penis and is not the correct counterpart to the Bartholin glands. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Cowper's glands.
Of the following antibiotics, which one is used to treat chlamydia?
- A. Acyclovir
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Tetracycline
- D. Ceftriaxone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tetracycline is commonly used to treat chlamydia infections.
The primary spermatocytes:
- A. are formed by spermatogonia mitosis;
- B. have a complete number of chromosomes;
- C. generate secondary spermatocytes;
- D. are diploid cells;
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because primary spermatocytes are diploid cells, containing a complete set of chromosomes (46 in humans). They are formed by spermatogonia through a process called meiosis. During meiosis, the primary spermatocytes undergo two divisions to generate haploid secondary spermatocytes with half the number of chromosomes. Choices A and C are incorrect because primary spermatocytes are formed by spermatogonia undergoing meiosis, not mitosis, and they generate secondary spermatocytes, not the other way around. Choice B is incorrect because primary spermatocytes are diploid, not haploid.