Nokea
During physical examination the nurse notes an absence of bowel sounds. What does this finding indicate about the function of the gastrointestinal tract?
- A. Reduced peristalsis
- B. Normal digestion
- C. Increased motility
- D. Excessive gas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absent bowel sounds suggest reduced or absent peristalsis, possibly indicating ileus or obstruction.
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Ito cells, all true except:
- A. Hepatic stellate cells that store vitamin A.
- B. Liver cirrhosis, these cells may differentiate into myofibroblasts to synthesize collagen & induce fibrosis.
- C. One of the contents of the perisinusoidal space
- D. They are highly phagocytic cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ito (stellate) cells store vitamin A and contribute to fibrosis, but Kupffer cells, not Ito cells, are phagocytic.
Which body system is NOT a part of the excretory system?
- A. respiratory system
- B. digestive system
- C. circulatory system
- D. urinary system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The circulatory system transports substances but is not directly part of excretion.
Lysozyme breakdown
- A. Protein
- B. Sugar
- C. Bacterium
- D. Fat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lysozyme targets and breaks down bacterial cell walls.
Nutrients like calcium and zinc are often referred to as
- A. proteins
- B. minerals
- C. fats
- D. vitamins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium and zinc are classified as minerals, essential inorganic nutrients.
Match each term with the correct description: filtering units of kidney
- A. urethra
- B. nephrons
- C. bladder
- D. kidneys
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrons are the filtering units within the kidneys.