Nokea
The large intestine lacks:
- A. goblet cells
- B. epiploic appendages
- C. plicae circulares
- D. haustra
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The large intestine lacks plicae circulares, which are present in the small intestine to increase surface area.
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The hepatic flexure of the large intestine occurs between the:
- A. transverse colon and descending colon
- B. cecum and ascending colon
- C. ascending colon and transverse colon
- D. descending colon and rectum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hepatic flexure is located between the ascending colon and the transverse colon.
The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule contain a lot of mitochondria. Why?
- A. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the passive transport of compounds across the membrane
- B. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the diffusion of compounds across the membrane
- C. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the pumping of compounds through the tubules
- D. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the active transport of compounds across the membrane
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mitochondria provide ATP for active transport of nutrients like glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Match each term with the correct description: filtering units of kidney
- A. urethra
- B. nephrons
- C. bladder
- D. kidneys
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrons are the filtering units within the kidneys.
A dysfunction of the parietal cells of gastric glands would result in a decreased production of which two of the following?
- A. mucus
- B. pepsinogen
- C. hydrochloric acid
- D. pepsin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
The secondary messenger is often:
- A. cAMP (cyclic Adenosine Mono Phosphate)
- B. ATP (adenosine tri phosphate)
- C. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- D. GPO (general post office)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: cAMP is a common secondary messenger in hormone signaling pathways.