Nokea
Food and chyme are pushed through the digestive system by:
- A. ingestion
- B. mastication
- C. assimilation
- D. peristalsis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Peristalsis refers to the rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle that propel food and chyme through the digestive tract.
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Which body system is NOT a part of the excretory system?
- A. respiratory system
- B. digestive system
- C. circulatory system
- D. urinary system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The circulatory system transports substances but is not directly part of excretion.
What is an example of assimilation?
- A. absorption of glycerol into lacteals
- B. breakdown of alcohol in the liver
- C. building of proteins from amino acids
- D. release of a hormone from a gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assimilation involves using absorbed nutrients to synthesize cellular components; building proteins from amino acids is a prime example.
The secondary messenger is often:
- A. cAMP (cyclic Adenosine Mono Phosphate)
- B. ATP (adenosine tri phosphate)
- C. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- D. GPO (general post office)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: cAMP is a common secondary messenger in hormone signaling pathways.
Lysozyme breakdown
- A. Protein
- B. Sugar
- C. Bacterium
- D. Fat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lysozyme targets and breaks down bacterial cell walls.
Which motor activity is primarily responsible for mixing and churning food in the small intestine to enhance digestion and absorption?
- A. Peristalsis
- B. Segmentation
- C. Migrating motor complex
- D. Gastric emptying
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Segmentation mixes chyme with digestive enzymes and increases mucosal contact for absorption in the small intestine.