Nokea
During play, a toddler with a history of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) might assume which position?
- A. Sitting
- B. Supine
- C. Squatting
- D. Standing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Squatting naturally increases SVR by occluding venous return from the lower extremities, thereby increasing pulmonary blood flow.
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Patients who have undergone surgery entailing the use of cardiopulmonary bypass should be watched carefully for
- A. epilepsy disabilities
- B. learning disabilities
- C. anemia
- D. arrhythmias
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Arrhythmias are a common complication after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
The following are suggestive of abnormal language development:
- A. Not localising sound at 4 months of age
- B. No response to human words at 6 weeks
- C. Not understanding 'no' at 18 months of age
- D. Does not move to music at 2 years of age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failure to understand simple commands like 'no' by 18 months is a red flag for abnormal language development.
Nurse Oliver s teaching a mother who plans to discontinue breast-feeding after 5 months. The nurse should advise her to include which foods in her infant’s diet?
- A. Iron-rich formula and baby food
- B. Whole milk and baby food
- C. Skim milk and baby food
- D. Iron-rich formula only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Iron-rich formula and baby food provide essential nutrients for a 5-month-old infant transitioning from breastfeeding.
Prior to the patient being given medication, he becomes hypotensive, mottled, and cold. His heart rate is 240. The next therapeutic step should be
- A. digoxin
- B. synchronized DC cardioversion
- C. lidocaine
- D. defibrillation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Synchronized DC cardioversion is indicated for unstable tachycardia unresponsive to pharmacological agents.
The following are true of umbilical hernia:
- A. It is more common in Caucasian than Blacks
- B. It is commonly associated with hypothyroidism
- C. It must be operated on by two years of age
- D. It becomes obstructed in 2% of cases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Umbilical hernias can become obstructed in about 2% of cases. They are more common in Blacks and are not typically associated with hypothyroidism.