Nokea
During the 12-hr period preceding ovulation, which of the following is true?
- A. The plasma concentration of estrogen is rising
- B. A surge of luteinizing hormone is secreted from the pituitary
- C. The surge occurs immediately after the formation of the corpus luteum
- D. The surge followed immediately by a fall in the plasma concentration of progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) is necessary for ovulation to occur, typically happening 24-36 hours before ovulation. This surge triggers the release of the mature egg from the ovarian follicle. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as estrogen levels peak just before ovulation, the corpus luteum forms after ovulation, and progesterone levels rise after ovulation, not fall immediately after the LH surge.
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Rhabdomyosarcoma is the malignant tumor of the
- A. Smooth muscle
- B. Cardiac
- C. Visceral muscle
- D. Striated muscle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor arising from striated muscle cells, hence the correct answer is D. Striated muscle cells are also known as skeletal muscle cells, which are voluntary muscles responsible for movement. Smooth muscle (Choice A) and visceral muscle (Choice C) are types of involuntary muscles found in internal organs, while cardiac muscle (Choice B) is the muscle specific to the heart. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect for this question.
Which of the following would a nurse suggest for a client with an inflammation of the prostate gland?
- A. Treat the client and also his sexual partners.
- B. Avoid standing for long periods and foods that cause diarrhea.
- C. No masturbation or sexual intercourse until treated.
- D. Avoid foods that may cause acidity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Abstinence from sexual activity until treatment is complete helps prevent exacerbation and transmission.
Why is osteoporosis much more common in elderly women than in elderly men?
- A. Men continue to produce testosterone throughout their lifetime, whereas women cease estrogen production after menopause
- B. Women consume less dietary calcium than men
- C. Gastrointestinal absorption of calcium is more effective in men than in women
- D. The bones of women contain less calcium than those of men even before menopause
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Testosterone plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density.
Step 2: Estrogen helps regulate bone turnover and calcium balance.
Step 3: Women experience a significant drop in estrogen levels after menopause.
Step 4: Decreased estrogen production leads to increased bone resorption.
Step 5: Men, on the other hand, continue to produce testosterone throughout their lifetime, which helps maintain bone density.
Summary: A is correct because men maintain testosterone production, while women cease estrogen production after menopause, leading to a higher risk of osteoporosis in elderly women. B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the hormonal changes that contribute to osteoporosis gender disparity.
Where do sperm cells attain fertilization competence and motility?
- A. rete testis
- B. epididymis
- C. vas deferens
- D. seminiferous tubule
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: epididymis. Sperm cells attain fertilization competence and motility in the epididymis. Here's the rationale:
1. Sperm cells are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
2. They then move to the epididymis for maturation, where they gain motility and the ability to fertilize an egg.
3. The epididymis provides the ideal environment for sperm to undergo final maturation processes.
4. The rete testis is a network of tubules where sperm are transported from the seminiferous tubules, not where they gain fertilization competence.
5. The vas deferens is a duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra, not where sperm attain fertilization competence.
Which structure lies posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum and secretes an alkaline, fructose filled fluid?
- A. Prostate
- B. bulbourethral gland
- C. Seminal vesicles
- D. Spongy urethra
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Seminal vesicles. These glands are located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum. They secrete an alkaline fluid rich in fructose, which nourishes and supports sperm viability. The other choices are incorrect because: A) The prostate is located below the bladder and surrounds the urethra, secreting a milky fluid; B) The bulbourethral gland is located below the prostate and secretes a clear, viscous fluid; D) The spongy urethra is a part of the male urethra that runs through the penis, responsible for transporting urine and semen.