Nokea
During the menstrual cycle, which hormone maintains the corpus luteum?
- A. Luteinizing hormone
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
- C. Progesterone
- D. Relaxin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the menstrual cycle, luteinizing hormone maintains the corpus luteum. The correct answer is A. Luteinizing hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. Choice B, Follicle-stimulating hormone, is involved in stimulating the growth of follicles in the ovaries. Choice C, Progesterone, is produced by the corpus luteum and plays a role in preparing the endometrium for implantation. Choice D, Relaxin, is involved in processes such as softening the cervix and ligaments during pregnancy, but it is not responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum.
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The placenta is developed from which part of the trophoblast?
- A. Chorionic Frondosum
- B. Anchoring Villi
- C. Chorionic Laeve
- D. Body Stalk
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chorionic Frondosum. The placenta is developed from the chorionic frondosum part of the trophoblast. This structure gives rise to the fetal part of the placenta. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Anchoring Villi are projections from the chorionic plate that attach the placenta to the uterine wall. Chorionic Laeve refers to the smooth chorion that covers the fetal surface of the placenta. The Body Stalk is a structure that connects the early embryo to the trophoblastic pole of the blastocyst.
What does Integrated Reproductive Health entail?
- A. Women of childbearing age
- B. Women and under-five children only
- C. Men, women, adolescents, youth, and children
- D. Pregnant women only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Integrated Reproductive Health involves providing services that cater to a wide range of demographics, including men, women, adolescents, youth, and children. This comprehensive approach ensures that reproductive health needs are addressed across different age groups and genders. Choices A, B, and D are too restrictive and do not encompass the full scope of Integrated Reproductive Health services.
Total Fertility Rate is at 6.2 births per woman in Zambia. This implies that:
- A. Zambian women will give birth to 6.2 children on average during their childbearing years.
- B. 6.2% of the time she will be pregnant during her childbearing years.
- C. 6.2% of her deliveries will not be successful.
- D. 6.2% of women will require medical intervention to become pregnant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A Total Fertility Rate of 6.2 means that a woman will give birth to an average of 6.2 children during her childbearing years. The correct answer is A as it accurately reflects the concept of Total Fertility Rate. Choice B is incorrect as it misinterprets the concept by equating it to a percentage of time being pregnant. Choice C is incorrect as it does not relate to the Total Fertility Rate but rather to the success rate of deliveries. Choice D is incorrect as it introduces the idea of medical intervention, which is not directly related to the Total Fertility Rate.
Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Uterus
- A. The uterus softens in the anterior midline, becomes flexible at the uterocervical junction, blood vasculature increases in size and number, and hypertrophy of myometrial cells occurs.
- B. The uterus decreases in size during pregnancy and remains rigid.
- C. The uterus size remains unchanged, and no changes occur in the blood vasculature.
- D. Uterus becomes more rigid and hypertrophies.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During pregnancy, the uterus undergoes various anatomical and physiological changes. The correct answer, Choice A, accurately describes these changes. The uterus softens in the anterior midline, becomes flexible at the uterocervical junction, experiences an increase in blood vasculature size and number, and myometrial cells hypertrophy. This softening and increased vascularity are essential for accommodating the growing fetus and facilitating delivery. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the typical changes that occur in the uterus during pregnancy. The uterus does not decrease in size, remain unchanged in size, become more rigid, or hypertrophy without the described softening and vascular changes.
Abortion is defined as:
- A. Bleeding per vaginum in early pregnancy
- B. Willingness to terminate pregnancy
- C. Expulsion of products of conception after the 28th week of gestation
- D. Expulsion of products of conception before the 28th week of gestation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abortion is defined as the expulsion of products of conception before the 28th week of gestation. Choice A is incorrect as it describes bleeding in early pregnancy, not the definition of abortion. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to the willingness to terminate a pregnancy rather than the actual act of expulsion. Choice C is incorrect as it defines abortion as the expulsion of products of conception after the 28th week of gestation, which is considered a stillbirth.