Nokea
Each of the following accurately describes aspects of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) except one. Which one is the exception?
- A. The DRIs replace the older recommended daily allowances.
- B. Current DRIs attempt to estimate required nutrients to improve long-term health.
- C. DRIs specifically address individuals whose requirements are affected by a disease state.
- D. The DRIs attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. DRIs do not specifically address individuals with disease states; they are intended for the general healthy population. Choice A is correct because DRIs indeed replace the older recommended daily allowances. Choice B is correct as current DRIs aim to estimate required nutrients to enhance long-term health. Choice D is accurate as DRIs also attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients.
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Increasing the variety of foods often prevents nutrient excesses and toxicities. A dietary change to eliminate or increase intake of one specific food or nutrient usually alters the intake of other nutrients.
- A. Both statements are true.
- B. Both statements are false.
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first statement is false because increasing the variety of foods actually helps prevent nutrient excesses and toxicities. The second statement is true because making a dietary change to eliminate or increase the intake of a specific food or nutrient often leads to alterations in the intake of other nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the first statement is false. Choice B is incorrect because the second statement is true. Choice C is incorrect because the first statement is false, even though the second statement is true.
Milk and other dairy products are preferred sources of calcium because lactose enhances calcium absorption.
- A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
- B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
- C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
- D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. Milk and other dairy products are indeed preferred sources of calcium because they supply most of the available calcium. Additionally, lactose present in dairy products enhances calcium absorption, making them even more efficient sources of this essential mineral. The statement correctly identifies dairy products as preferred sources of calcium, and the reason explains how lactose contributes to better calcium absorption. The other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between lactose, calcium absorption, and the preference for dairy products as sources of calcium.
Each statement regarding the correlation between vitamin D and sun exposure is accurate, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. The body can produce sufficient amounts of vitamin D from sunlight.
- B. UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3 by penetrating uncovered skin.
- C. Sunscreen blocks the formation of vitamin D3.
- D. By the age of 70 years, the skin generally produces vitamin D at only half the level it did at the age of 20 years.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: While UV radiation can penetrate uncovered skin and convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, sunscreen does block the formation of vitamin D3. Sunscreen is recommended by dermatologists to prevent sunburn and reduce the risk of skin cancer. The other choices are correct: the body can produce sufficient vitamin D from sunlight, UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, and skin generally produces less vitamin D as a person ages.
What is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration called?
- A. Hypodipsia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Osmosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Osmosis. Osmosis is the process where water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement equalizes the solute concentration in intracellular and extracellular fluids. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not describe the movement of water based on solute concentration levels.
Which of the following foods provides the most protein?
- A. Beans
- B. Red peppers
- C. Asparagus
- D. Celery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Beans. Beans are known to be a good source of protein compared to the other options provided. While red peppers, asparagus, and celery are nutritious vegetables, they do not contain as much protein as beans do. Red peppers are high in vitamin C, asparagus is rich in vitamins and minerals, and celery is low in calories and a good source of fiber, but they are not significant sources of protein.