Nokea
Early features of heart failure in infancy include:
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Oedema
- C. Tachypnoea
- D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachypnoea is an early indicator of heart failure in infants, as the body tries to compensate for reduced oxygenation by increasing the respiratory rate.
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A child aged 10 days has ambiguous genitalia:
- A. If a buccal smear is chromatin negative, there is a serious risk of an Addisonian crisis
- B. A raised urinary output of pregnanetriol would confirm a diagnosis of CAR
- C. The finding of the genotype 45 XO would reliably explain the anomaly
- D. If testicles were present in the 'labia', an acceptable explanation would be Klinefelter's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A raised urinary pregnanetriol indicates congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAR). Chromatin-negative buccal smear suggests male genotype, and 45 XO is Turner syndrome, not related to ambiguous genitalia. Klinefelter's syndrome does not explain testicles in the labia.
SVT
- A. HR . 220 /min
- B. Adenosine helpful in management
- C. Beat to beat variation is not present
- D. Valsalvar maneuver is a treatment method
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adenosine is effective in managing supraventricular tachycardia by interrupting reentrant pathways.
All the following are signs of coarctation of the aorta EXCEPT
- A. femoral pulses are weak or absent
- B. bounding pulses of the arms
- C. blood pressure in the legs is lower than that in the arms
- D. precordial impulse and heart sounds are usually normal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In coarctation of the aorta, femoral pulses are delayed or absent, not bounding.
The severity of symptoms of Ebstein anomaly and the degree of cyanosis are high and depend on the extent of
- A. displacement of the tricuspid valve
- B. cardiac dysrhythmias
- C. atrial right-to-left shunt
- D. pulmonary vascular resistance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Displacement of the tricuspid valve is a key determinant of symptom severity in Ebstein anomaly.
The following drugs induce hepatic enzymes:
- A. Rifampicin
- B. Phenobarbitone
- C. Cimetidine
- D. Erythromycin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rifampicin is known to induce hepatic enzymes, which can increase the metabolism of other drugs and reduce their efficacy.