Community Health HESI Study Guide

Community Health HESI Study Guide Related

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Epidemiology is directly concerned with which of the following?

  • A. factors influencing occurrence and distribution of diseases, defects, disability, or death of groups of individuals
  • B. vital health statistics
  • C. environmental sanitation
  • D. treatment of a communicable disease
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems. It focuses on identifying and understanding the factors that influence the occurrence and distribution of diseases, defects, disability, or death of groups of individuals. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Choice B, vital health statistics, is not the primary focus of epidemiology. While vital health statistics may be used in epidemiological studies, it is not the direct concern of epidemiology.

Choice C, environmental sanitation, although important for public health, is not the main focus of epidemiology. Epidemiology is more concerned with the factors influencing disease occurrence and distribution, rather than environmental sanitation.

Choice D, treatment of a communicable disease, is more related to clinical medicine rather than epidemiology. Epidemiology is more focused on prevention, control, and understanding the patterns and causes of diseases rather than their treatment.

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Which of the following is used to monitor specific groups eligible for a particular DOH program?

  • A. Family treatment record
  • B. Target Client list
  • C. Reporting forms
  • D. Output record
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Target Client list. The Target Client list is specifically designed to monitor groups that are eligible for a particular DOH program. It helps in identifying and tracking individuals or populations that qualify for the said program. Choice A, Family treatment record, is incorrect because it pertains to the medical history and treatment information of a particular family, not eligibility monitoring. Choice C, Reporting forms, is incorrect as they are used for documenting and submitting information, not for monitoring eligibility. Choice D, Output record, is also incorrect as it refers to the results or outcomes produced by a system, not for monitoring eligibility.

The Healthy People initiative is a national agenda that aims to:

  • A. Provide healthcare to all citizens
  • B. Reduce health disparities and improve the health of all Americans
  • C. Promote medical research
  • D. Develop new healthcare technologies
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Healthy People initiative is a national agenda that focuses on reducing health disparities and improving the health of all Americans. Choice A is incorrect because the initiative is more about improving health outcomes and access rather than providing healthcare to all citizens. Choice C is not the main goal of the initiative, which is more about public health goals than medical research. Choice D is also not the primary aim of the Healthy People initiative, as it is more focused on setting objectives to improve public health.

Which organization is primarily responsible for global public health?

  • A. World Health Organization (WHO)
  • B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
  • C. National Institutes of Health (NIH)
  • D. United Nations (UN)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO is the primary organization responsible for global public health initiatives, coordinating international health efforts, setting norms and standards, providing technical support, and monitoring health trends. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while they play significant roles in health and global affairs, they do not have the primary responsibility for global public health like the WHO does.

When teaching a responsible family member how to perform a certain procedure for the patient, what is the best approach?

  • A. Perform all these steps
  • B. Arrange for the practice of the procedure
  • C. Describe the procedure
  • D. Demonstrate the procedure
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The best approach when teaching a responsible family member a procedure for the patient is to demonstrate the procedure. By demonstrating, the family member can visually see how it is done, making it easier for them to understand and replicate. This hands-on approach is more effective than just describing the procedure (choice C) or arranging for practice (choice B) without a visual demonstration. Performing all the steps (choice A) may not be practical or necessary when the goal is to teach someone else how to do it.

During an initial clinic visit, the nurse is taking the history for a client who wants to confirm her pregnancy. The client's last child has a history of low-birth-weight (LBW). Which additional finding is most important for the nurse to consider?

  • A. Cigarette smoking.
  • B. African American ethnicity.
  • C. Poor nutritional status.
  • D. Limited maternal education.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for low birth weight. Smoking during pregnancy reduces the amount of oxygen available to the baby, leading to LBW. Choice B, African American ethnicity, while it may be a risk factor, is not as directly linked to LBW as cigarette smoking. Choice C, poor nutritional status, can contribute to LBW but is not as significant as cigarette smoking in this case. Choice D, limited maternal education, is an important social determinant of health but is not as directly related to LBW as cigarette smoking.

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