Nokea
The milk code aims to ensure that:
- A. the public receives accurate information about breastmilk and breastfeeding
- B. health workers do not provide samples of infant formula to pregnant women or mothers of infants
- C. companies consistently recognize the superiority of breastmilk
- D. health workers do not accept any incentives from milk companies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the milk code emphasizes that companies should always acknowledge the superiority of breastmilk over formula. Choice A is incorrect because the focus is not on the public receiving information, but rather on companies recognizing breastmilk's superiority. Choice B is incorrect as it addresses health workers' actions, not the companies' behavior. Choice D is incorrect as the milk code is primarily concerned with regulating companies' practices, not health workers' acceptance of incentives.
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In order to facilitate the planning and implementation of an income-generating project in a barangay, which of the following actions should the Public Health Nurse NOT do?
- A. Form working groups or committees
- B. Enlist the help of technical professionals for training and guiding the people
- C. Form a core group to coordinate the various projects
- D. Give the people complete freedom to do what they want
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Giving people complete freedom without any guidance or structure can lead to disorganization, lack of focus, and ultimately project failure. In the context of implementing an income-generating project, it is crucial to provide support, direction, and coordination to ensure the project's success. Forming working groups, enlisting technical professionals for training, and establishing a core group for coordination are essential steps to enhance efficiency, productivity, and the overall success of the project.
A client with multiple sclerosis is receiving baclofen (Lioresal). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Muscle spasms
- C. Drowsiness
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drowsiness. Baclofen, a muscle relaxant commonly used to treat conditions like multiple sclerosis, can cause drowsiness as a side effect. Monitoring for drowsiness is important to ensure the client's safety and well-being. Choice A, Hypertension, is incorrect because baclofen is not known to cause hypertension. Choice B, Muscle spasms, is not a common side effect of baclofen but rather the symptom it is used to treat. Choice D, Tachycardia, is also incorrect as baclofen is not associated with causing an increase in heart rate.
Epidemiology is directly concerned with which of the following?
- A. factors influencing occurrence and distribution of diseases, defects, disability, or death of groups of individuals
- B. vital health statistics
- C. environmental sanitation
- D. treatment of a communicable disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems. It focuses on identifying and understanding the factors that influence the occurrence and distribution of diseases, defects, disability, or death of groups of individuals. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Choice B, vital health statistics, is not the primary focus of epidemiology. While vital health statistics may be used in epidemiological studies, it is not the direct concern of epidemiology.
Choice C, environmental sanitation, although important for public health, is not the main focus of epidemiology. Epidemiology is more concerned with the factors influencing disease occurrence and distribution, rather than environmental sanitation.
Choice D, treatment of a communicable disease, is more related to clinical medicine rather than epidemiology. Epidemiology is more focused on prevention, control, and understanding the patterns and causes of diseases rather than their treatment.
Mark, 9 months old, is given oral rehydration solution because of diarrhea with some dehydration. In your follow-up visit, you observed that Mark's eyes become puffy. Which one of the following would you advise Mark's mother?
- A. continue giving ORS but more slowly
- B. show mother how much solution to give
- C. stop ORS and give plain water or milk
- D. reassess patient to determine how much ORS to give
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, observing puffy eyes in a child being treated with oral rehydration solution may indicate fluid overload. Continuing to give ORS but more slowly is the correct course of action as it helps manage hydration without overloading fluids. Choice B is not the best option in this situation as the issue is not about the quantity of the solution, but the rate of administration. Choice C is incorrect because plain water or milk is not a suitable alternative for rehydration in cases of dehydration. Choice D is also incorrect as reassessing the patient does not directly address the issue of puffy eyes, which suggests a need to adjust the administration of ORS.
Which of the following patients should the home care nurse assess first?
- A. A 65-year-old male with known COPD and difficulty breathing after climbing a flight of stairs.
- B. A 78-year-old with CHF who has gained 4 lbs according to her tele-monitoring.
- C. A 50-year-old with bilateral leg swelling and difficulty walking.
- D. A 60-year-old with lower back pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. A patient with known COPD and difficulty breathing after physical exertion like climbing stairs requires immediate assessment by the nurse. This could indicate a potential exacerbation of COPD, which needs prompt intervention to prevent respiratory distress. Choices B, C, and D describe important patient situations that also require attention, but the urgency is higher with a COPD patient experiencing difficulty breathing.