Nokea
Epidemiology would be a primary tool used by the nurse scientist for researching which topic?
- A. Experiences of cancer care services
- B. Contributing factors to childhood obesity
- C. Morbidity statistics
- D. Social characteristics and traits of healthy older persons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Contributing factors to childhood obesity. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in a population. Childhood obesity is a significant public health issue, and studying contributing factors through epidemiology can help in prevention and intervention strategies. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while epidemiology can be applied to those topics, the primary focus of a nurse scientist would be on researching contributing factors to childhood obesity due to its relevance and impact on public health.
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A client with tuberculosis (TB) wants to know why directly observed therapy (DOT) is required as part of the treatment. What community health nurse (CHN) response would be the most appropriate one?
- A. "Clients with TB are often nonadherent to their medication regimen; DOT will ensure that you take the medications prescribed to you."
- B. "This therapy is recommended by TB experts as the best way to ensure that you receive the treatment you need and that the infection doesn't become resistant to treatment."
- C. "This ensures that you get your medication even at the late stages of TB, when your memory may be affected by inadequate oxygenation to the brain."
- D. "TB medications are very expensive, and this method ensures that government health care resources are not wasted by those who will not take the medications regularly."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because directly observed therapy (DOT) is recommended by TB experts to ensure treatment adherence and prevent drug resistance. TB treatment requires strict adherence to a regimen to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. DOT involves a healthcare provider directly observing the client taking their medication to ensure compliance. Choice A addresses nonadherence but does not emphasize the importance of preventing drug resistance. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the main purpose of DOT in preventing drug resistance and ensuring treatment effectiveness.
What is the most important action to be taken by the community health nurse (CHN) who wishes to decrease childhood obesity?
- A. Lobbying legislators to enact stronger legislation regarding unhealthy lunches and food from snack machines in schools
- B. Increasing availability of nutrition programs in which schoolchildren are taught to make healthy food choices
- C. Involving the entire family in the management of obesity in a child
- D. Providing after-school activities and summer camps that focus on diet and exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Involving the entire family in the management of obesity in a child is the most important action because family support and involvement are crucial for sustainable behavior change in children. The family plays a significant role in shaping a child's habits and lifestyle choices. By engaging the entire family, the community health nurse can create a supportive environment where healthy behaviors are encouraged and reinforced consistently. This approach addresses the root causes of childhood obesity by promoting healthy eating habits and physical activity within the child's daily life, rather than relying solely on external interventions like legislation or programs.
Choice A is less effective because while legislation can create a healthier environment, it may not directly address the underlying family dynamics influencing a child's behavior. Choice B is important but may not be as effective as involving the family since parental influence extends beyond school-based programs. Choice D is valuable but may not address the core issue of family involvement, which is crucial for sustainable behavior change.
What is the biggest challenge for community health nurses (CHNs) who are familiar with evidence-informed practice and want to implement it in their care of clients?
- A. Interpreting vast amounts of evidence and integrating it into practice
- B. Advocating for change and convincing others that it is beneficial
- C. Distinguishing evidence-informed practice from practice based on old standards
- D. Showing clients that evidence-informed practice will improve their health outcomes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because interpreting vast amounts of evidence and integrating it into practice is a significant challenge for community health nurses (CHNs) familiar with evidence-informed practice. CHNs need to sift through numerous research studies, guidelines, and data to make informed decisions about client care. By effectively integrating evidence into practice, CHNs can ensure that their interventions are based on the best available evidence, leading to improved client outcomes.
Choice B is incorrect because advocating for change is not the primary challenge related to implementing evidence-informed practice. Choice C is incorrect because distinguishing evidence-informed practice from outdated standards is important but not the biggest challenge. Choice D is incorrect because showing clients the benefits of evidence-informed practice is essential but not the main challenge faced by CHNs in implementing it.
A group member who has exhibited an angry emotional outburst tearfully apologizes to the group for being "hateful." The group leader responds, "I believe I speak for all of us when I say that you did not appear hateful. You just appeared to be passionate about your beliefs." In this scenario, which of the following behaviours is the group leader exhibiting?
- A. Analyzing
- B. Clarifying
- C. Evaluating
- D. Reflecting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reflecting. The group leader is reflecting by restating the group member's emotions and behaviors back to them in a non-judgmental manner. This helps the group member feel understood and validated. Analyzing (A) involves breaking down information, clarifying (B) involves making things clearer, and evaluating (C) involves making judgments or assessments. In this scenario, the group leader is not doing any of those actions, but rather reflecting back the group member's emotions.
A team of community health nurses (CHNs) disagree about the appropriate action to take in relation to a family with an ill family member who have chosen to continue working at their jobs instead of taking time off to care for the ill family member. One CHN states, "It is the wife's responsibility to care for her ill husband." What type of thinking is this CHN applying?
- A. Consequentialism
- B. Deontological ethics
- C. Principlism
- D. Utilitarianism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deontological ethics. Deontological ethics focuses on the moral duty or obligation to act in a certain way, regardless of the consequences. In this scenario, the CHN is stating that it is the wife's responsibility to care for her ill husband based on a sense of duty or moral obligation, rather than considering the consequences or outcomes. This type of thinking aligns with deontological ethics as it emphasizes following moral principles or rules.
Incorrect choices:
A: Consequentialism - This ethical theory focuses on the outcomes or consequences of actions rather than the inherent rightness or wrongness of the actions themselves. The CHN's statement does not prioritize consequences.
C: Principlism - Principlism involves ethical decision-making based on a set of ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. The CHN's statement does not directly relate to these principles.
D: Utilitarianism - Utilitarianism is