Nokea
Epithelial cells are:
- A. Polarized
- B. Neutral
- C. Larger than other cells
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epithelial cells are polarized, meaning they have distinct structural and functional differences between their apical and basolateral surfaces. This polarity allows them to perform specialized functions efficiently. The statement that epithelial cells are larger than other cells is incorrect as cell size can vary across different cell types, and being larger is not a defining characteristic of epithelial cells.
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Which genetic descriptor refers to an organism's actual appearance?
- A. Phenotype
- B. Genotype
- C. Homozygote
- D. Karyotype
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, including physical appearance, behavior, and physiological properties. It is influenced by the organism's genotype and environmental factors. Genotype, on the other hand, represents the genetic makeup of an organism, while homozygote refers to an individual having two identical alleles for a particular gene. Karyotype, on the other hand, refers to the complete set of chromosomes in an individual.
Where is the slide placed on a light microscope?
- A. Stage
- B. Arm
- C. Lens
- D. Base
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a light microscope, the slide is placed on the stage, which is a flat platform designed to hold the specimen being observed. The stage provides stability for the slide and allows for adjustments to focus the lens on the specimen. The arm, lens, and base have specific functions in the operation of the microscope but are not where the slide is placed.
How are lipids different from other organic molecules?
- A. They are indivisible.
- B. They are not water-soluble.
- C. They contain zinc.
- D. They form long proteins.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lipids are different from other organic molecules because they are not water-soluble, unlike carbohydrates and proteins. This property is due to their hydrophobic nature, which makes them insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. Lipids play essential roles in energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure, making them distinct from other organic molecules. The statement 'They are indivisible' (Choice A) is not accurate as lipids can be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Choice C, 'They contain zinc,' is incorrect as lipids do not necessarily contain zinc. Choice D, 'They form long proteins,' is inaccurate as lipids do not form proteins; proteins are formed from amino acids.
Why is DNA crucial for the metabolic activities of the cell?
- A. It initiates cellular mitosis.
- B. It provides cell wall stability.
- C. It increases glucose absorption.
- D. It controls the synthesis of enzymes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: DNA is crucial for the metabolic activities of the cell because it contains the genetic information necessary to regulate the synthesis of enzymes. Enzymes are essential for catalyzing biochemical reactions involved in metabolic processes within the cell. DNA controls the production of enzymes, which are vital for driving various metabolic pathways. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as DNA's role in controlling enzyme synthesis is fundamental for the cell's metabolic activities.
A scientist needs 12 mL of a solution. They have a bottle with 0.12 L in it. Do they have enough?
- A. Yes, they have exactly what they need
- B. Yes, they have more than what they need
- C. No, they do not have enough
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To convert 0.12 L to mL, you multiply by 1000 (since 1 L = 1000 mL). Therefore, 0.12 L = 120 mL. Since the scientist needs only 12 mL, the bottle contains more than enough solution, making choice B the correct answer.