Nokea
Erysipelas
- A. responds to erythromycin
- B. is caused strep pneumoniae
- C. results from microorganism exotoxin production
- D. typically occurs on the neck
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erysipelas erythro clears strep pyogenes, not pneumo, toxins, neck-only, or TEN's peel. Nurses dose this chronic red edge.
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When conventional routes of analgesia have been unsuccessful or are contraindicated for chronic pain syndromes, intrathecal drug delivery systems may be considered. Appropriate indications are likely to include:
- A. Patients with cancer-related pain in whom life expectancy is estimated to be >3 months.
- B. Chronic pancreatitis.
- C. Haematuria loin pain syndrome.
- D. Chronic low back pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) treat severe, refractory pain. Cancer pain with >3 months life expectancy justifies IDDS, balancing implantation risks with prolonged benefit shorter expectancy favors simpler methods. Chronic pancreatitis may respond, but evidence is weaker; it's not a primary indication. Haematuria loin pain syndrome (loin pain haematuria syndrome) is niche, rarely managed with IDDS due to limited data. Chronic low back pain often fails conservative treatment, but IDDS is reserved for extreme cases (e.g., failed back surgery syndrome), not routine. Chronic refractory angina is cardiac, not typically IDDS-eligible. Cancer pain's prevalence, severity, and responsiveness to intrathecal opioids/ziconotide make it the clearest indication, optimizing quality of life in palliative care.
The challenges faced in insulin therapy includes the following EXCEPT:
- A. Needle phobia
- B. Competence - Diabetes numeracy
- C. Dexterity
- D. All burden
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin hurdles fear, math, shaky hands, life jolts; all burden' isn't a thing, just a mash-up. Nurses tackle these chronic snags, not vague catch-alls.
Which of the following basic principles do NOT belong to motivational interviewing?
- A. To confront irrationality
- B. To avoid discussion
- C. To help resolve ambivalence
- D. To be empathic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: MI skips confrontation empathy, ambivalence aid, no fights, discussion flows. Nurses dodge this, a chronic soft touch.
About special considerations in the management of hypertension in older patients, which of the following is the correct answer?
- A. Systolic hypertension - DBP should be <70 mmHg
- B. Dementia - Target SBP should not be <150/90 mmHg
- C. Care home residents - SBP <130 mmHg
- D. Frailty - Target BP not <140/90 mmHg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frail elders BP >140/90 guards perfusion; systolic, dementia, care home tweaks misfire. Nurses ease this chronic frail line.
You are caring for a patient who has just been told that her stage IV colon cancer has recurred and metastasized to the liver. The oncologist offers the patient the option of surgery to treat the progression of this disease. What type of surgery does the oncologist offer?
- A. Palliative
- B. Reconstructive
- C. Salvage
- D. Prophylactic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stage IV colon cancer with liver mets is endgame surgery here's palliative, easing pain, obstruction, or bleeding, not curing. Reconstructive fixes form post-cure, irrelevant now. Salvage hits recurrence after lighter tries, not this late stage. Prophylactic's preemptive, not reactive. Palliative's about comfort, aligning with oncology's shift to quality of life when cure's off the table, a tough but real talk nurses navigate.