Nokea
Exocrine portion of pancreas show the following EXCEPT:
- A. Formed of pure serous acini with centroacinar cells
- B. Its duct system is rich in striated ducts
- C. Secretion of bicarbonate is stimulated by secretin hormone.
- D. Secretion of enzymes is stimulated by cholecystokinin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreatic duct system has intercalated ducts, not striated ducts, which are characteristic of salivary glands.
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The enzyme_________________________________ is made by the pancreas and breaks longer amino acid chains into short amino acid chains.
- A. secretin
- B. pepsin
- C. erepsins
- D. trypsin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Trypsin, secreted by the pancreas, breaks down larger polypeptides into shorter peptide chains during protein digestion.
A digestive enzyme, salivary amylase, in the saliva begin digestion of-
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Protein
- C. Fats
- D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Salivary amylase (ptyalin) in saliva begins the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starches into simpler sugars like maltose.
The family of an older adult client is concerned about the client's lack of appetite. The nurse counsels the family initially, recalling that:
- A. The client should be evaluated by the primary care provider
- B. The client is depressed and needs antidepressant medication
- C. Loss of appetite is often associated with substance abuse
- D. Loss of taste buds is a common finding in the elderly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Age-related loss of taste buds can reduce appetite in older adults.
What provides the luminal surface of the intestinal wall its characteristics?
- A. Smooth and slippery due to peritoneum
- B. Smooth and slippery due to mucus from epithelial cells
- C. Rough due to villi
- D. Dry due to serosa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The luminal surface is smooth and slippery due to mucus secreted by goblet cells in the mucosa, not the peritoneum, which is external.
Which vitamin is produced by intestinal bacteria?
- A. B12
- B. A
- C. C
- D. D
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intestinal bacteria synthesize vitamin B12, which is absorbed in the ileum with intrinsic factor. Vitamins A, C, and D are not produced by gut bacteria.