Nokea
Explain how eating a candy bar and drinking a sugar-loaded cola can drop one's blood glucose level.
- A. High sugar causes a rapid insulin spike, leading to a quick glucose drop.
- B. The body stores excess glucose as fat, reducing blood levels.
- C. Simple sugars are not absorbed, lowering glucose.
- D. Sugar intake causes dehydration, affecting glucose levels.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High sugar intake triggers a rapid insulin release, which can overcorrect and cause a drop in blood glucose.
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The estimated calorie requirements established in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015-2020, are based on which of the following?
- A. Age, gender, and activity
- B. Weight and percentage of body fat
- C. Weight and height
- D. An average of all sizes and ages
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calorie needs are tailored to age, gender, and activity level for personalized recommendations.
What are LDL and HDL?
- A. LDL is low-density lipoprotein, often called 'bad cholesterol.'
- B. HDL is high-density lipoprotein, often called 'good cholesterol.'
- C. LDL transports cholesterol to tissues, increasing heart disease risk.
- D. HDL removes cholesterol from tissues, reducing heart disease risk.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: LDL and HDL are lipoproteins; LDL increases cardiovascular risk, while HDL is protective by removing cholesterol.
Increasing one's fiber intake too much too quickly can have which of the following effects?
- A. Produce excessive GI gas
- B. Cause drowsiness
- C. Produce sleeplessness
- D. Increase the appetite
- E. Raise blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapidly increasing fiber can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including excessive gas, due to fermentation in the gut.
The average adult needs how much fiber per day?
- A. 16 ounces
- B. 10 grams
- C. 25 to 35 grams
- D. 20 to 25 kcal
- E. 50 to 100 grams
- F. 6 to 8 ounces
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adults need 25-35 grams of fiber daily for optimal digestive health and to reduce chronic disease risk.
Nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream from the GI tract travel to the liver via the
- A. Hepatic artery.
- B. Portal vein.
- C. Hepatic vein.
- D. Lymphatic system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The portal vein transports nutrients from the GI tract directly to the liver for processing.