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Which of the following are correct calorie counts for one gram of each?
- A. Protein = 9 kcal, carbohydrates = 9 kcal, fat = 4 kcal
- B. Protein = 9 kcal, carbohydrates = 4 kcal, fat = 4 kcal
- C. Protein = 4 kcal, carbohydrates = 4 kcal, fat = 9 kcal
- D. Protein = 4 kcal, carbohydrates = 9 kcal, fat = 9 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protein and carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram, while fat provides 9 kcal per gram.
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What are LDL and HDL?
- A. LDL is low-density lipoprotein, often called 'bad cholesterol.'
- B. HDL is high-density lipoprotein, often called 'good cholesterol.'
- C. LDL transports cholesterol to tissues, increasing heart disease risk.
- D. HDL removes cholesterol from tissues, reducing heart disease risk.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: LDL and HDL are lipoproteins; LDL increases cardiovascular risk, while HDL is protective by removing cholesterol.
Small amounts of electrolytes and nutrients - and most of the water-are absorbed by the
- A. Stomach.
- B. Duodenum.
- C. Jejunum.
- D. Colon and rectum.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The colon and rectum primarily absorb water and some electrolytes, finalizing the absorption process.
Kwashiorkor is a type of malnutrition caused by an inadequate dietary intake of
- A. Vitamin C.
- B. Minerals.
- C. Healthy fats.
- D. Protein.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kwashiorkor results from severe protein deficiency, leading to symptoms like edema and muscle wasting.
Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble and can become toxic when stored in the body's fat?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Vitamin K
- D. Vitamin E
- E. Vitamin C
- F. Vitamin D
- G. Vitamins B1 and B2
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) can accumulate in the body's fat and become toxic in high amounts.
Which two gender and age groups normally require more calories than the others?
- A. 2- to 3-year-old male
- B. 17-year-old female
- C. 15-year-old male
- D. 39-year-old female
- E. 63-year-old male
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Teenagers, particularly males, have higher caloric needs due to rapid growth and higher metabolic rates during puberty.