Nokea
Extracorpuscular causes of haemolysis include:
- A. a-Thalassaemia
- B. Hereditary ovalocytosis
- C. Warm antibody autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
- D. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warm antibody autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is an extracorpuscular cause of haemolysis. a-Thalassaemia and pyruvate kinase deficiency are intracorpuscular causes.
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What is the Duke Treadmill score for a patient who exercised for 10 minutes (12 METS) and had a maximum of 1 mm ST depression at peak exercise without angina?
- A. 5
- B. 7
- C. 9
- D. 10
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Duke Treadmill score is calculated based on exercise duration
The following are true statements:
- A. Tissue plasminogen activator is derived from endothelium
- B. Heparin acts through antithrombin III
- C. Protein C deficiency is autosomal recessive transmitted
- D. Protein C is vitamin K dependent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heparin acts through antithrombin III: Heparin enhances the activity of antithrombin III, which inhibits thrombin and other clotting factors, helping prevent clot formation.
What is the primary nursing intervention to prevent bacterial endocarditis?
- A. Institute measures to prevent dental procedures.
- B. Counsel parents of high-risk children about prophylactic antibiotics.
- C. Observe children for complications, such as embolism and heart failure.
- D. Encourage restricted mobility in susceptible children.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The objective of nursing care is to counsel the parents of high-risk children about both the need for prophylactic antibiotics for dental procedures and the necessity of maintaining excellent oral health. The child’s dentist should be aware of the child’s cardiac condition. Dental procedures should be done to maintain a high level of oral health. Prophylactic antibiotics are necessary. Children should be observed for complications such as embolism and heart failure and restricted mobility should be encouraged in susceptible children, but maintaining good oral health and prophylactic antibiotics is important.
A heart transplant may be indicated for a child with severe heart failure and:
- A. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- B. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- C. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- D. Pulmonic stenosis (PS)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is treated by procedures such as the Norwood procedure or heart transplant.
In 90% of cases of endocarditis, the causative agent is recovered from the first 2 blood cultures. Antimicrobial pretreatment of the patient reduces the yield of blood cultures to
- A. 10%
- B. 20%
- C. 30%
- D. 40%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antimicrobial pretreatment can significantly reduce the yield of blood cultures, often to 10-20%.