Nokea
List THREE medical management plans for biatrial enlargement.
- A. Loop diuretics (carefully)
- B. Beta-blockers (carefully)
- C. Anticoagulation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These are standard treatment options aimed at managing heart function, reducing fluid buildup, and preventing complications like clot formation.
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Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include:
- A. Campylobacter infection
- B. Peutz-Jegher's syndrome
- C. Enterotoxigenic E. coli
- D. Crohn's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include conditions like Peutz-Jegher's syndrome which is a genetic disorder causing polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Campylobacter Shigella and Enterotoxigenic E. coli are common causes of infectious diarrhoea while Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition.
The following are true of vitamin K:
- A. It is a water-soluble vitamin
- B. It is found mainly in red meat
- C. After infancy most is synthesised by the gut flora
- D. Low levels after birth may lead to intracerebral haemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin K is synthesized by gut flora after infancy. It is a fat-soluble vitamin, and low levels after birth can lead to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Causes of a dilated renal pelvis in a foetal scan include:
- A. Normal variant
- B. Vesico-ureteric reflux
- C. Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction
- D. Multicystic kidney
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A dilated renal pelvis can be a normal variant in a foetal scan, often resolving spontaneously without intervention.
Blau syndrome is associated with
- A. Amyloidosis
- B. Sarcoidosis
- C. Hemochromatosis
- D. Myeloma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blau syndrome is associated with sarcoidosis
Two days following abdominal surgery a client begins to report cramping abdominal pain, and the nurse's inspection of the abdomen indicates slight distention. Which action should the nurse implement first?
- A. Encourage the client to ambulate
- B. Offer ice chips or warm liquids
- C. Auscultate the client's abdomen
- D. Assess the client's temperature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Auscultating the abdomen will help determine if there are any signs of bowel obstruction or ileus, which can cause the distension.