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Fatty liver disease is more common in people with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. The pathogenesis of fatty liver disease is not yet completely known. Question: What does current research suggest with respect to the pathogenesis?
- A. Steatosis correlates with inflammation
- B. Inflammation correlates with fibrosis
- C. Steatosis correlates with liver damage
- D. Steatosis correlates with insulin resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fatty liver's tale steatosis ties to insulin resistance, a metabolic syndrome root, not just inflammation, fibrosis, or vague damage. Nurses see this, a chronic fat-glucose knot.
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What does the abbreviation DALY stand for?
- A. Definition of anticipated life years
- B. Diabetes-affected life years
- C. Disability-adjusted life years
- D. Disease-affected life years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DALY disability-adjusted life years tallies lost health, not diabetes alone or vague terms. Nurses use this, a chronic burden metric.
The nurse educates the client that besides an echocardiogram, which of the following tests is the best tool for diagnosing heart failure?
- A. Pulmonary artery catheter
- B. Mitigated angiographic (MUGA) scan
- C. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- D. Radionuclide studies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: BNP, a blood test, spikes with heart stretch heart failure's calling card, outshining invasive tools for diagnosis. Pulmonary catheters measure pressures, not routine. MUGA scans ejection fraction, less direct. Radionuclide's vague here. Nurses teach BNP's ease and accuracy, a biomarker gold standard, syncing with echo to nail heart failure's fluid tale.
Which organism is least likely to show the characteristic periodicity of fever in malaria?
- A. p. malariae
- B. p. vivax
- C. p. ovale
- D. p. falciparum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Falciparum's fever messy, constant, not vivax, ovale, malariae's tidy cycles. Nurses spot this chronic chaos king.
Which complications are the three main consequences of leukemia?
- A. Bone deformities, spherocytosis and infection.
- B. Anemia, infection, and bleeding tendencies.
- C. Lymphocytopoiesis, growth delays, and hirsutism.
- D. Polycythemia, decreased clotting time, and infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukemia, a bone marrow cancer, replaces normal marrow elements with immature, dysfunctional white blood cells (lymphoblasts), leading to three primary complications: anemia, infection, and bleeding tendencies. Anemia results from reduced red blood cell production, causing fatigue and pallor. Infection risk rises due to neutropenia immature lymphoblasts lack infection-fighting ability making children prone to severe illnesses. Bleeding tendencies occur from thrombocytopenia, low platelet counts causing bruising or petechiae. Bone deformities and spherocytosis aren't leukemia hallmarks; the former might occur in bone cancers like osteosarcoma, and the latter is a red cell disorder. Lymphocytopoiesis is a process, not a complication, while growth delays and hirsutism aren't primary leukemia effects. Polycythemia (high red cells) and decreased clotting time oppose leukemia's anemia and bleeding risks. Nurses must monitor these complications, as they guide interventions like transfusions or antibiotics, critical for supporting children through leukemia treatment.
Which of the following is a characteristic of health-related hardiness known as 'challenge'?
- A. Confidence to appraise a health stressor
- B. Ability to modify responses to health stressors
- C. Viewing a health stressor as an opportunity for growth
- D. Optimal psychosocial adaptation to a health stressor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hardiness' challenge sees stressors as growth shots not just sizing up, tweaking, or adapting a mindset nurses foster in chronic fights. It's flipping pain to gain, a resilient twist.