Nokea
Features predisposing to NEC (necrotising enterocolitis) in the neonatal period include:
- A. Short fixation
- B. Asphyxia
- C. Umbilical artery catheter
- D. Maternal Crohn's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asphyxia is a known risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) due to its effect on intestinal blood flow, leading to bowel ischemia and increased risk of bacterial translocation.
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Which explanation regarding cardiac catheterization is appropriate for a preschool child?
- A. Postural drainage will be performed every 4 to 6 hours after the test.
- B. It is necessary to be completely “asleep†during the test.
- C. The test is short, usually taking less than 1 hour.
- D. When the procedure is done, you will have to keep your leg straight for at least 4 hours.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The child’s leg will have to be maintained in a straight position for approximately 4 hours. Younger children can be held in the parent’s lap with the leg maintained in the correct position. Postural drainage will not be performed unless the child has corresponding pulmonary problems. The child should be sedated to lie still, but being completely asleep is not necessary. The test will vary in length of time from start to finish.
Clinical manifestations of haemophilia include:
- A. Bleeding following neonatal intramuscular injection
- B. Intracranial bleeding
- C. Gingival bleeding
- D. Menorrhagia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intracranial bleeding is a serious and potentially life-threatening manifestation of hemophilia, particularly in severe cases.
Gracie, the mother of a 3-month-old infant calls the clinic and states that her child has a diaper rash. What should the nurse advise?
- A. “Switch to cloth diapers until the rash is goneâ€
- B. “Use baby wipes with each diaper change.â€
- C. “Leave the diaper off while the infant sleeps.â€
- D. “Offer extra fluids to the infant until the rash improves.â€
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Leaving the diaper off allows the skin to air dry and heal, reducing irritation and promoting recovery.
Accepted maintenance treatment for chronic asthma includes the following:
- A. High-dose inhaled steroids and long-acting bronchodilators
- B. Montelucast
- C. Montelucast and inhaled steroids
- D. Long-acting ~2-agonists alone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because high-dose inhaled steroids and long-acting bronchodilators are the mainstay of chronic asthma management. The other options (b-e) are less commonly used or not first-line.
Causes of hypertension in a child include:
- A. Long-standing vesico-ureteric reflux
- B. Cushing's syndrome
- C. Addison's disease
- D. Turner's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome, characterized by excessive cortisol levels, is a known cause of secondary hypertension in children.