Nokea
Fetal circulation includes 3 shunts. Match each shunt to its physiologic action. Ductus arteriosus
- A. Connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta, bypassing the lungs.
- B. Connects the right and left atria.
- C. Connects the right and left ventricles.
- D. Allows the umbilical vein to bypass the liver to flow into the inferior vena cava.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery and aorta.
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The nurse explains to the patient at 28 weeks’ gestation not to lie flat on their back during the remainder of the pregnancy. What does this precaution prevent?
- A. acid reflux
- B. headaches
- C. pregnancy-induced hypertension
- D. vena cava syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lying flat can compress the vena cava, leading to reduced blood flow. Other options are unrelated.
The nurse is providing education about the newborn to a pregnant person and the soon-to-be grandparents. What information is the most important for the nurse to discuss to assist the extended family in adapting to their new role?
- A. how to bathe the newborn
- B. extended family role expectations
- C. childbirth preparation
- D. breast-feeding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Addressing extended family role expectations helps them adapt to the newborn. Other choices focus on practical baby care.
The nurse is explaining the function of the placenta to a pregnant patient. Which statement indicates to the nurse that further clarification is necessary?
- A. “My baby gets oxygen from the placent
- B. “The placenta functions to help excrete waste products.”
- C. “The nourishment that I take in passes through the placent
- D. The placenta helps maintain a stable temperature for my baby.”
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: While the statement "The nourishment that I take in passes through the placenta" is generally correct in the context of the placenta providing nutrients to the fetus, it does not fully convey the process accurately. The primary function of the placenta is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and the fetus through the mother's blood supply. It is not a direct passage of nourishment that the mother takes in; rather, it involves a complex process of diffusion and transport to ensure the fetus receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen. Therefore, further clarification is needed to ensure the patient has a complete understanding of this essential function of the placenta.
The nurse is caring for a pregnant person at 28 weeks’ gestation who has started noticing an increase in vaginal discharge that does not have an odor. What is the appropriate response by the nurse to the pregnant person’s concern?
- A. The discharge is because of the weight of the uterus on your bladder.
- B. The discharge means you have a urinary tract infection.
- C. A slight increase in vaginal discharge is expected at 28 weeks of gestation.
- D. There is nothing to worry about.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased vaginal discharge is normal due to hormonal changes. It does not indicate an infection or bladder issue.
A 34-year-old patient who is 16 weeks pregnant had a multiple markers screening done. The results came back with an increased risk for trisomy 21. You call the patient to go over the results. How should you respond when the patient asks you if the baby is going to have Down syndrome?
- A. Yes, would you like to continue or terminate your pregnancy?
- B. This screening predicts only the risk of your baby having Down syndrome and cannot diagnose it. Additional testing is needed to determine this.
- C. You will need to discuss this with your provider at your next appointment.
- D. Yes, this test shows your baby has Down syndrome. I’d be happy to send you resources about this condition so that you can be prepared for when your baby is born.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Screening tests like multiple marker tests indicate risk but do not confirm a diagnosis. Further tests are needed to determine if the baby has Down syndrome.