Nokea
Fibrocystic changes in the breast most often appear in women in their 20s and 30s. Although the cause is unknown, an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone may be the cause. The nurse who cares for this client should be aware that treatment modalities are conservative. Which proven modality may offer relief for this condition?
- A. Diuretic administration
- B. Daily inclusion of caffeine in the diet
- C. Increased vitamin C supplementation
- D. Application of cold packs to the breast as necessary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretics and a decrease in sodium intake can provide relief for fibrocystic breast changes. The use of caffeine is not recommended, and vitamin E should be taken in moderation.
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What guidance should the nurse provide to a man who smokes two packs a day and is concerned about infertility?
- A. Your sperm count seems to be okay in the first semen analysis.'
- B. Only marijuana cigarettes affect sperm count.'
- C. Although smoking has no effect on sperm count, it can give you lung cancer.'
- D. Smoking can reduce the quality of your sperm.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cigarette smoking can affect sperm quality, including abnormal sperm, decreased count, and chromosomal damage.
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a newborn who has hyperbilirubinemia and a prescription for phototherapy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?
- A. Check the newborn's temperature every 8 hr.
- B. Apply moisturizing lotion to the newborn's skin every 4 hr.
- C. Give the newborn 1 oz of glucose water every 4 hr.
- D. Reposition the newborn every 2 to 3 hr.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent repositioning ensures even exposure to phototherapy light, promoting bilirubin breakdown.
What important, immediate postoperative care practice should the nurse remember when caring for a woman who has had a mastectomy?
- A. The blood pressure (BP) cuff should not be applied to the affected arm.
- B. Venipuncture for blood work should be performed on the affected arm.
- C. The affected arm should be used for intravenous (IV) therapy.
- D. The affected arm should be held down close to the woman's side.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The affected arm should not be used for BP readings, IV therapy, or venipuncture. It should be elevated to prevent complications like lymphedema.
A nurse is caring for a patient with pyelonephritis. What does the nurse identify as the most common cause?
- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- C. Chlamydia trachomatis
- D. Candida albicans
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Escherichia coli. Step 1: E. coli is the most common causative agent of pyelonephritis due to its ability to ascend from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys. Step 2: E. coli is a common bacteria found in the gut and can easily infect the urinary tract. Step 3: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Candida albicans are not commonly associated with pyelonephritis. Thus, the correct choice is A.
A nurse is caring for a client who is pregnant for the fourth time. The client delivered two full-term newborns and had one spontaneous abortion at 10 weeks of gestation. The nurse should document the client's obstetrical history as which of the following?
- A. Gravida 3, Para 2
- B. Gravida 3, Para 3
- C. Gravida 4, Para 2
- D. Gravida 4, Para 3
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gravida refers to total pregnancies (4), and Para refers to births after 20 weeks (2 full-term deliveries). The spontaneous abortion does not count in para.