Nokea
Following surgical repair of the bladder, a female client is being discharged from the hospital to home with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide to this client?
- A. Avoid coiling the tubing and keep if free of kinks
- B. Cleanse the perineal area with soap and water twice daily
- C. Keep the drainage bag lower than the level of the bladder
- D. Drink 1,000 ml of fluids daily to irrigate catheter
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Keeping the drainage bag lower than the bladder prevents backflow of urine, reducing the risk of infection.
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Generalised absence seizures:
- A. Are usually atypical in type
- B. CT scan shows abnormalities in around 25-30% of cases
- C. Can be diagnosed in the absence of a typical EEG pattern with great certainty
- D. Are associated with other generalised seizures in most cases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Generalised absence seizures are often associated with other types of generalised seizures, such as tonic-clonic seizures.
Which of the following is an example of ductus dependent systemic circulation?
- A. Severe Ebstein's anomaly
- B. Pulmonary atresia
- C. Tricuspid atresia
- D. Interruption of aortic arch
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interruption of aortic arch is ductus dependent as it relies on the ductus arteriosus for systemic blood flow.
Which of the following is least considered to be a normal variant in newborns?
- A. Milia
- B. Neonatal pustular melanosis
- C. Dermal melanocytosis
- D. Infantile acropustulosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infantile acropustulosis is not considered a normal variant in newborns; it is a rare condition characterized by recurrent pustular eruptions.
Type I renal tubular acidosis:
- A. Only occurs in children
- B. Is caused by a failure of ammonium ion secretion
- C. Is associated with renal calcification
- D. Typically leads to hypovolaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type I renal tubular acidosis is characterized by a failure in ammonium ion secretion, leading to a failure to acidify urine, which can result in metabolic acidosis.
Sheena, tells the nurse that she wants to begin toilet training her 22-month-old child. The most important factor for the nurse to stress to the mother is:
- A. Developmental readiness of the child
- B. Consistency in approach
- C. The mother’s positive attitude
- D. Developmental level of the child’s peers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Developmental readiness is crucial for successful toilet training, as forcing it before the child is ready can lead to resistance and setbacks.