Nokea
For a complete spinal injury, which statement is true?
- A. Some of the motor and sensory functions are lost
- B. Only the motor functions are lost
- C. Only the sensory functions are lost
- D. Both the motor and sensory functions are lost
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in a complete spinal injury, both motor and sensory functions are lost below the level of the injury. This occurs due to the disruption of communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Choice A is incorrect as it implies that only some functions are lost, which is not the case in a complete injury. Choice B is incorrect because sensory functions are also affected in a complete spinal injury. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests that only sensory functions are lost, which is not true for a complete spinal injury.
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When assessing a community to determine its health needs, which data would be most useful?
- A. Demographic data
- B. Health behavior data
- C. Environmental data
- D. Morbidity and mortality data
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Morbidity and mortality data. This data provides direct information on the health status of the community by indicating the prevalence of diseases and deaths. It helps identify major health issues, prioritize interventions, and allocate resources effectively. Demographic data (A) provides information on population characteristics but does not directly reflect health needs. Health behavior data (B) offers insights into lifestyle choices but may not capture underlying health conditions. Environmental data (C) focuses on external factors impacting health, which are important but not as direct in indicating community health needs as morbidity and mortality data.
Which is an example of a secondary prevention strategy?
- A. Administering immunizations to prevent disease
- B. Conducting health screenings to detect early signs of disease
- C. Providing rehabilitation services to prevent complications
- D. Educating the public about healthy lifestyle choices
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases at an early stage.
2. Health screenings help identify early signs of disease before symptoms appear.
3. Early detection allows for prompt intervention to prevent disease progression.
4. Administering immunizations (A) is an example of primary prevention.
5. Providing rehabilitation services (C) is an example of tertiary prevention.
6. Educating the public (D) focuses on promoting healthy behaviors, also a primary prevention strategy.
Summary:
Option B is correct as it aligns with the goal of secondary prevention by detecting diseases early. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they represent primary prevention, tertiary prevention, and health promotion strategies, respectively.
What is the most effective method for preventing the spread of disease?
- A. Hand hygiene
- B. Vaccination
- C. Quarantine
- D. Use of personal protective equipment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hand hygiene. Proper hand hygiene, including washing hands with soap and water or using hand sanitizer, is the most effective method for preventing the spread of disease. This is because hands can easily pick up and transfer germs from surfaces to our bodies. Regular handwashing can remove these germs and reduce the risk of infection.
Summary of other choices:
B: Vaccination is important in preventing certain diseases but may not be as effective in controlling the immediate spread of a disease outbreak.
C: Quarantine can help contain the spread of disease in specific situations but may not be as universally applicable as hand hygiene.
D: Use of personal protective equipment is crucial in certain settings, but it is not as practical or accessible for the general population compared to practicing good hand hygiene.
What is a common barrier to accessing health care services?
- A. Lack of transportation
- B. High cost of services
- C. Long wait times
- D. Complexity of the health care system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lack of transportation. This is a common barrier because individuals may not be able to physically reach healthcare facilities, leading to limited access to services. Lack of transportation can prevent people from seeking timely care, resulting in worsened health outcomes.
Choice B: High cost of services is a barrier, but lack of transportation directly affects physical access to care.
Choice C: Long wait times can be a barrier, but it is not as fundamental as the inability to physically reach the healthcare facility.
Choice D: Complexity of the health care system can also be a barrier, but lack of transportation is more immediate and directly impacts access.
Which best describes a primary role of nurses in promoting community health?
- A. Conducting individual health assessments
- B. Advocating for health policy changes
- C. Providing health education to groups
- D. Developing health policies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Advocating for health policy changes. Nurses play a crucial role in promoting community health by advocating for policies that address social determinants of health, improve access to healthcare, and create healthier environments. By influencing health policies, nurses can have a broader impact on population health compared to individual health assessments (A), group health education (C), or developing policies (D), which are important but not primary roles for promoting community health. Advocating for health policy changes allows nurses to address systemic issues that impact the health and well-being of communities on a larger scale.