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For a patient with a stroke and right-sided hemiplegia, what should the nurse teach the family?
- A. Ignore undesirable behaviors manifested by the patient.
- B. Provide directions to the patient verbally in small steps.
- C. Distract the patient from inappropriate emotional responses.
- D. Supervise all activities before allowing the patient to pursue them independently.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Small verbal instructions help the patient understand and follow through with tasks
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The patient is diagnosed with Brown-Séquard syndrome after a knife wound to the spine. Which description accurately describes this syndrome?
- A. Damage to the most distal cord and nerve roots, resulting in flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs and areflexic bowel and bladder
- B. Spinal cord damage resulting in ipsilateral motor paralysis and contralateral loss of pain and sensation below the level of the lesion
- C. Rare cord damage resulting in loss of proprioception below the lesion level with retention of motor control and temperature and pain sensation
- D. Often caused by flexion injury with acute compression of cord resulting in complete motor paralysis and loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of injury
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brown-Séquard syndrome involves ipsilateral motor deficits and contralateral sensory deficits.
You are caring for a patient who has just had open carpal tunnel release surgery. The surgeon has requested that the patient's hand and arm remain elevated above the level of the heart after the surgery. This is to
- A. Reduce lymphatic drainage.
- B. Reduce postoperative swelling.
- C. Restrict hand movements.
- D. Decrease possibility of nosocomial infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevation reduces swelling by improving venous and lymphatic return.
Which number in the diagram corresponds to the renal pelvis? (Figure 2)
- A. 3
- B. 7
- C. 13
- D. 14
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The number 13 corresponds to the renal pelvis because it is the funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the nephrons and channels it into the ureter. The renal pelvis is a critical part of the urinary system, as it serves as a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body.
Nurse Thompson is reviewing the neurological assessment of Mr. Johnson, a 70-year-old patient who exhibits tremors and slow movements. She recalls that these symptoms are often linked to a specific neurological disorder characterized by reduced dopamine levels due to the loss of pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra region of the basal ganglia. Which disease does Nurse Thompson recognize as associated with these findings?
- A. Multiple sclerosis.
- B. Huntington's disease.
- C. Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease.
- D. Parkinson's disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity.
How can the nurse examine the client for stiffness and rigidity of the neck?
- A. By positioning the client flat on the bed for at least three hours.
- B. By moving the head and chin of the client towards the chest.
- C. By asking the client to bend and pick up small and large objects on the floor.
- D. By introducing a painful stimulus on the neck.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This movement checks for neck stiffness indicative of neurological issues.