Nokea
For nutrients to be utilized, they must first be absorbed into the bloodstream from the GI tract. This is accomplished by uptake of the nutrients into the
- A. Arteries providing the GI tract with blood supply.
- B. Veins carrying deoxygenated blood away from the GI tract.
- C. Capillaries located in the intestinal wall villi.
- D. Vessels in the pylorus of the stomach.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Capillaries in the intestinal villi absorb nutrients, which are then transported to the bloodstream.
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Kwashiorkor is a type of malnutrition caused by an inadequate dietary intake of
- A. Vitamin C.
- B. Minerals.
- C. Healthy fats.
- D. Protein.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kwashiorkor results from severe protein deficiency, leading to symptoms like edema and muscle wasting.
Nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream from the GI tract travel to the liver via the
- A. Hepatic artery.
- B. Portal vein.
- C. Hepatic vein.
- D. Lymphatic system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The portal vein transports nutrients from the GI tract directly to the liver for processing.
What foods will you teach the patient are high in iron?
- A. Vegetables
- B. Red meats
- C. Fruits
- D. Fish
- E. Poultry
- F. Grains
- G. Beans
Correct Answer: B,D,E,G
Rationale: Red meats, fish, poultry, and beans are rich in iron, providing heme (animal-based) and non-heme (plant-based) iron.
Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the
- A. Duodenum and jejunum.
- B. Stomach.
- C. Ileum.
- D. Ascending colon.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The duodenum and jejunum have a large surface area due to villi, making them primary sites for nutrient absorption.
Protein is required by the body for
- A. Producing energy and heat.
- B. Building new tissue.
- C. Manufacturing hormones and enzymes.
- D. Increasing absorption of iron.
- E. Forming antibodies.
- F. Quick energy.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Proteins are essential for tissue growth, hormone/enzyme production, and antibody formation, not primarily for energy or iron absorption.