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For the cruise ship scenario, how would you display the time course of the outbreak?
- A. Endemic curve
- B. Epidemic curve
- C. Seasonal trend
- D. Secular trend
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An epidemic curve is used to show the time course of an outbreak.
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Which of the following does not fall under planning?
- A. Follow up
- B. Plan formulation
- C. Execution
- D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Follow-up is typically considered part of monitoring rather than planning.
Define the following terms: environmental epidemiology
- A. The study of disease patterns in populations.
- B. The study of chemical reactions in the environment.
- C. The study of genetic inheritance patterns.
- D. The study of physical activity and health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Environmental epidemiology focuses on identifying and measuring exposures to environmental hazards and their health effects.
Is underreporting a problem for detecting outbreaks of notifiable diseases?
- A. True.
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Underreporting can mask true outbreak sizes, hindering effective response.
Describe the significance for epidemiology of the use of natural experiments.
- A. Natural experiments allow for randomized controlled trials.
- B. Natural experiments eliminate the need for data collection.
- C. Natural experiments provide real-world data without artificial manipulation.
- D. Natural experiments are only used in laboratory settings.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Natural experiments study real-world conditions, providing valuable insights into disease causation and prevention.
Total fertility rate (TFR) refers to
- A. Number of births per one thousand women
- B. Number of women between 15-49 years
- C. Number of children per woman (approximate completed family size)
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: TFR measures the average number of children a woman would have during her reproductive years, approximating the completed family size.