Define in your own words the term 'operations research'.
- A. The use of mathematical models to optimize healthcare delivery.
- B. Research focused on surgical procedures.
- C. Studies conducted in hospital operating rooms.
- D. Analysis of clinical trial data.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Operations research involves applying mathematical and analytical methods to optimize complex systems, such as healthcare delivery.
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MDG stands for:
- A. Medical Development Group
- B. Millennium Development Goals
- C. Master Development Goals
- D. Management development goal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MDGs refer to the Millennium Development Goals established by the United Nations.
Green house gas—
- A. trap heat of planet
- B. reflects heat from the planet
- C. reduces temperature of atmosphere
- D. all
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Greenhouse gases trap heat within Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
Confidence limit can be calculated by using
- A. Mean and range
- B. Mean standard deviation
- C. Median and range deviation
- D. Median and standard
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Confidence limits are calculated using the mean and standard deviation.
Define the following terms: environmental epidemiology
- A. The study of disease patterns in populations.
- B. The study of chemical reactions in the environment.
- C. The study of genetic inheritance patterns.
- D. The study of physical activity and health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Environmental epidemiology focuses on identifying and measuring exposures to environmental hazards and their health effects.
Define the following terms: Quasi-experimental study
- A. A study design involving random assignment of participants.
- B. A study using naturally occurring groups without randomization.
- C. A controlled trial with blinding.
- D. A study focusing on individual-level outcomes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quasi-experimental studies do not involve random assignment, often using existing groups.