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For which of the following should Mr. Murphy contact his physician following bypass surgery?
- A. A generalized feeling of being weak and tired
- B. Incisional discomfort for 4 postoperative weeks
- C. The presence of some pink drainage from the leg incision site
- D. Inability to increase walking distance without pain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Difficulty increasing activity may indicate complications.
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A patient admitted to the hospital for evaluation of chest pain has no abnormal serum cardiac markers 4 hours after the onset of pain. What noninvasive diagnostic test can be used to differentiate angina from other types of chest pain?
- A. 12-lead ECG
- B. Exercise stress test
- C. Coronary angiogram
- D. Transesophageal echocardiogram
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stress testing detects ischemia.
What test measures the electrical activity of the heart to detect arrhythmias and other heart conditions?
- A. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- B. Chest X-ray
- C. Stress test
- D. Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart by recording the heart's rhythm and electrical signals. It is used to detect arrhythmias and other heart conditions based on the pattern of the electrical waves. A chest X-ray (B) is used to visualize the heart and lungs, not to measure electrical activity. A stress test (C) assesses the heart's response to physical activity. Arterial blood gas (D) measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not heart activity. Thus, the ECG is the most appropriate test for detecting arrhythmias and other heart conditions.
What test uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart, allowing doctors to see how well the heart is functioning?
- A. Echocardiogram
- B. MRI
- C. CT scan
- D. X-ray
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart, providing information on its structure and function. It helps doctors assess the heart's pumping ability, valve function, and overall health. MRI (B) uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed images but does not rely on sound waves. CT scan (C) uses X-rays to produce images and is not specific to the heart. X-ray (D) provides a basic image of the heart but lacks the detail and functionality assessment of an echocardiogram.
The most important action in Mr. Johnson's care with possible acute myocarditis would be
- A. Placing him in a darkened room
- B. Keeping a nutritional intake record on him
- C. Keeping him on a regimen of complete bed rest
- D. Telling him not to worry, he will recover soon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rest minimizes cardiac workload during inflammation.
If Mr. Cook does not take his hydrochlorothiazide every day because it causes nocturia, it would be important to first
- A. tell him that you understand but that he must take the medicine as prescribed
- B. discuss the role of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension
- C. ascertain how much medicine he is taking as well as what time of the day he takes his diuretic
- D. encourage more potassium in his diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Understanding the timing and dosage helps tailor interventions.