Nokea
What is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body?
- A. Heart failure
- B. Myocardial infarction
- C. Pericarditis
- D. Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Heart failure is the correct answer because it is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively.
Step 2: This ineffective pumping leads to fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary congestion) and other parts of the body (edema).
Step 3: Myocardial infarction (B) is incorrect as it is an acute condition resulting from a blockage in coronary arteries causing heart muscle damage.
Step 4: Pericarditis (C) is incorrect as it is inflammation of the pericardium, the outer lining of the heart, not directly related to heart pumping efficiency.
Step 5: Pulmonary edema (D) is incorrect as it specifically refers to fluid accumulation in the lungs, not necessarily linked to heart failure.
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The nurse is administering digoxin to a client with a heart rate of 45 bpm. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Hold the digoxin and notify the healthcare provider.
- B. Administer the digoxin as ordered.
- C. Increase the dose of digoxin.
- D. Monitor the client's heart rate and reassess in 30 minutes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold the digoxin and notify the healthcare provider. Digoxin is a medication that can slow down the heart rate, and a heart rate of 45 bpm is below the normal range. Holding the medication and informing the healthcare provider is the priority to prevent potential harm from further slowing the heart rate. Administering the digoxin as ordered (B) would worsen the bradycardia. Increasing the dose of digoxin (C) would be dangerous. Monitoring the client's heart rate and reassessing in 30 minutes (D) may delay necessary intervention.
Which factor is most closely associated with successful smoking cessation?
- A. Enrollment in a short-term support group.
- B. Lack of reliance on nicotine gum as a secondary intervention.
- C. Preparation of a plan to deal with potential relapses.
- D. Reliance on a single intervention.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Having a plan to address potential relapses is crucial for long-term success in smoking cessation.
What is the condition where a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, chest pain, and other symptoms?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Pneumothorax
- C. Pleural effusion
- D. Aneurysm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks an artery, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain. This happens because the clot obstructs blood flow to the lung tissue, causing a decrease in oxygen levels. The other choices, B: Pneumothorax, C: Pleural effusion, and D: Aneurysm, do not involve a blood clot blocking an artery in the lungs. Pneumothorax is a collapsed lung due to air in the chest cavity, Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the space between the lungs and chest wall, and an Aneurysm is a bulging and weakened blood vessel.
This is a type of lung disease that results from the inhalation of certain dusts, often in the workplace, leading to lung damage.
- A. Pneumoconiosis
- B. Asbestosis
- C. Silicosis
- D. Anthracosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis is a general term for lung diseases caused by inhaling dust particles, such as coal, asbestos, or silica, leading to lung damage. Asbestosis (B) specifically refers to lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. Silicosis (C) is a type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling silica dust. Anthracosis (D) is the accumulation of carbon particles in the lungs but is not typically associated with significant lung damage. Therefore, the correct answer is A because it is the most inclusive term for lung diseases resulting from inhaling dust particles.
Which surgical procedure involves opening or replacing a narrowed or blocked heart valve?
- A. Valve replacement
- B. Angioplasty
- C. Stent placement
- D. Coronary bypass surgery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Valve replacement. This surgical procedure involves opening or replacing a narrowed or blocked heart valve. During valve replacement, a damaged valve is removed and replaced with a new one to restore normal blood flow. Angioplasty (B) involves opening blocked arteries, stent placement (C) involves inserting a mesh tube to keep arteries open, and coronary bypass surgery (D) involves rerouting blood flow around blocked coronary arteries. These procedures are not specifically related to treating narrowed or blocked heart valves, making them incorrect choices for this question.