Nokea
Generalised absence seizures:
- A. Are usually atypical in type
- B. CT scan shows abnormalities in around 25-30% of cases
- C. Can be diagnosed in the absence of a typical EEG pattern with great certainty
- D. Are associated with other generalised seizures in most cases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Generalised absence seizures are often associated with other types of generalised seizures, such as tonic-clonic seizures.
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An adult male client is admitted for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) secondary to AIDS. While hospitalized, he receives IV pentamidine isethionate therapy. In preparing this client for discharge, what important aspect regarding his medication therapy should the nurse explain?
- A. IV pentamidine may offer protection to other AIDS-related conditions, such as Kaposi's sarcoma
- B. It will be necessary to continue prophylactic doses of IV or aerosol pentamidine every month
- C. IV pentamidine will be given until oral pentamidine can be tolerated
- D. AZT (Azidothymidine) therapy must be stopped when IV or aerosol pentamidine is being used.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prophylactic doses of pentamidine are necessary to prevent PCP recurrence and other AIDS-related infections.
A woman who works as a data entry clerk is concerned as to how recent diagnosis of Raynaud's syndrome is going to affect her job performance. Which instruction should the nurse provide this client?
- A. Use a space heater to keep the workspace warm
- B. Keep hands elevated above the heart to prevent swelling.
- C. Wear tight gloves during work to avoid temperature fluctuations.
- D. Take frequent breaks to improve circulation in the hands.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Keeping the hands warm helps prevent vasospasms, which are characteristic of Raynaud's syndrome.
Which comment made by a parent of a 1-month-old infant would alert the nurse about the presence of a congenital heart defect?
- A. “He is always hungry.â€
- B. “He tires out during feedings.â€
- C. “He is fussy for several hours every day.â€
- D. “He sleeps all the time.â€
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue during feeding or activity is common to most infants with congenital cardiac problems.
What finding would the nurse expect when measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coarctation of the aorta?
- A. Blood pressure higher on the right side
- B. Blood pressure higher on the left side
- C. Blood pressure lower in the arms than in the legs
- D. Blood pressure lower in the legs than in the arms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The characteristic symptoms of coarctation of the aorta are a marked difference in blood pressure and pulses between the upper and lower extremities. Pressure is increased proximal to the defect and decreased distal to the coarctation.
An 8-year-old from the former Soviet Union is brought to your office because of a heart murmur and dusty blue skin. He has marked clubbing of his fingers and toes, and his hematocrit is 70%. He has a grade 4/6 holosystolic murmur. His chest x-ray reveals a normal pulmonary blood flow as well as a right-sided aortic arch. What is the likely diagnosis?
- A. total anomalous venous return
- B. tetralogy of Fallot
- C. Eisenmenger syndrome
- D. transposition of the great vessels
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eisenmenger syndrome involves reversal of shunt direction due to long-standing pulmonary hypertension, explaining the cyanosis and clubbing.