Nokea
Histochemical staining used for diagnosing Hirschsprung's disease is
- A. Acetyl choline esterase
- B. Dopamine
- C. Glutamate
- D. Chromogranin and synaptophysin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acetylcholine esterase staining is used to diagnose Hirschsprung's disease by identifying the absence of ganglion cells.
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FISH is helpful in diagnosing:
- A. Prader-Willi syndrome
- B. Di George syndrome
- C. Klinefelter's syndrome
- D. Turner's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) is particularly useful in diagnosing DiGeorge syndrome, which involves microdeletions on chromosome 22.
Vitamin used in the treatment of transient tyrosinemia of newborn?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin K
- C. Vitamin E
- D. Vitamin C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C is used to treat transient tyrosinemia due to its role in tyrosine metabolism.
A toddler who has been hospitalized for vomiting due to gastroenteritis is sleeping and difficult to wake up. Assessment reveals vital signs of a regular heart rate of 230 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 30 per minute, BP of 84/52, and capillary refill time of 3 seconds. Which dysrhythmia does the nurse suspect in this child?
- A. Rapid atrial flutter
- B. Supraventricular tachycardia
- C. Sinus bradycardia
- D. Rapid atrial fibrillation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Supraventricular tachycardia is characterized by a very rapid heart rate, which can lead to decreased cardiac output and symptoms such as lethargy and difficulty waking, as seen in this toddler.
Regarding immunoglobins:
- A. IgG2 concentrations increase with age
- B. IgD is useful in mediating the late features of allergic reactions
- C. IgG2 subclass deficiency is associated with IgA deficiency
- D. IgM is complement-fixing antibody
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: IgM is complement-fixing antibody
A 5-year-old child who had a repair for transposition of the great arteries shortly after birth is growing normally and has been asymptomatic since the surgery. The primary care nurse practitioner notes mild shortness of breath with exertion and dizziness. What will the nurse practitioner do?
- A. Order an echocardiogram and chest radiograph.
- B. Perform pulmonary function testing.
- C. Reassure the parent that these symptoms are common.
- D. Refer the child to the cardiologist immediately.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children with a history of transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) who have a history of palpitations, syncope, or shortness of breath should be referred to a cardiologist.