Nokea
Generic drugs may differ from brand-name drugs in:
- A. Active ingredient
- B. Inactive ingredients
- C. Therapeutic effect
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because generics may use different inactive ingredients (e.g., fillers, dyes) affecting appearance or tolerability, but not efficacy, per FDA rules. Choice A is incorrect as active ingredients must be identical. Choice C is wrong because therapeutic effects are equivalent. Choice D is incorrect since only inactive ingredients differ.
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Herbal products that may increase INR include:
- A. Ginkgo biloba
- B. St John's wort
- C. Valerian root
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because ginkgo biloba can increase INR by enhancing warfarin's effect through antiplatelet activity, risking bleeding. Choice B is incorrect as St John's wort induces CYP2C9, decreasing INR and warfarin efficacy. Choice C is wrong because valerian root doesn't significantly alter INR. Choice D is incorrect since only ginkgo biloba increases INR.
Passive monitoring of drug effectiveness includes:
- A. Therapeutic drug levels
- B. Adding or subtracting medications from the treatment regimen
- C. Ongoing provider visits
- D. Instructing the patient to report if the drug is not effective
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because passive monitoring relies on patient feedback, like reporting ineffectiveness, rather than active measures like lab tests. Choice A is incorrect as therapeutic levels are active monitoring. Choice B is wrong because adjusting medications is an intervention, not monitoring. Choice C is incorrect since provider visits are active engagement, not passive.
Drugs that require refrigeration include:
- A. Insulin
- B. Amoxicillin suspension
- C. Vaccines
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because insulin (protein stability), amoxicillin suspension (post-reconstitution), and vaccines (biological potency) require refrigeration to maintain efficacy, per storage guidelines. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one drug. Choice B is wrong by itself because amoxicillin is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since vaccines are only one group.
A woman who is pregnant tells an NP that she has been taking sertraline for depression for several years but is worried about the effects of this drug on her fetus. The NP will consult with this patient's psychiatrist and will recommend that she:
- A. stop taking the sertraline now.
- B. continue taking the antidepressant.
- C. change to a different antidepressant.
- D. taper off the sertraline gradually.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because continuing sertraline is often safer than untreated depression, with psychiatric consultation. Choice A is incorrect (abrupt stopping risky). Choice C is wrong (changing not first step). Choice D is inaccurate (tapering not indicated without specialist input).
Drugs that may cause sedation in the elderly include:
- A. Benzodiazepines
- B. Antihistamines
- C. Opioids
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam), antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), and opioids (e.g., oxycodone) all cause sedation, increasing fall risk in the elderly, per Beers Criteria. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one class. Choice B is wrong by itself because antihistamines are just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since opioids are only one group.