Nokea
Giving a student extra homework after they misbehave in class is an example of:
- A. Positive punishment
- B. Negative punishment
- C. Positive reinforcement
- D. Negative reinforcement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Positive punishment adds an aversive stimulus (homework) to reduce misbehavior (Skinner).
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Anna, age 72, has been grieving the death of her dog, Lucky, for 3 years. She is not able to take care of her activities of daily living and wants only to make daily visits to Lucky's grave. Her daughter has likely put off seeking help for Anna because
- A. Women are less likely than men to seek help for emotional problems.
- B. Relatives often try to 'normalize' the behavior rather than label it mental illness.
- C. She knows that all older people are expected to be a little depressed.
- D. She is afraid that the neighbors 'will think her mother is crazy.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anna's daughter likely perceives her mother's behavior as a normal part of grieving, especially given Anna's age and the loss of a long-time pet, rather than recognizing it as a mental illness, which aligns with option b.
The LEARN acronym is a useful tool for treating patients from diverse backgrounds. What does the 'A' stand for?
- A. Acknowledge and discuss differences and similarities
- B. Admit personal shortcomings regarding patients' cultural backgrounds
- C. Advocate treatment
- D. Argue for medical perceptions and understandings of the problem
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acknowledge' in LEARN promotes understanding of cultural differences and similarities.
Head trauma as a result of a car accident or other traumatic injury can cause
- A. Mental Retardation
- B. Epilepsy
- C. Intellectual disability
- D. Adaptive disorder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Head trauma is a common cause of epilepsy, triggering seizures.
Which of the following approaches may lead to increased levels of patient understanding?
- A. Providing medical pamphlets
- B. Giving verbal instructions for taking medications
- C. Having the patient restate in his/her own words the directions that have just been given
- D. Explaining how to use several different medications during the same session
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restating instructions confirms comprehension, enhancing understanding.
he theorist who believes that human behavior is influenced by drives is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. B.F. Skinner
- D. Albert Bandura
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sigmund Freud's theory links behavior to instinctual drives.