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Green house gas—
- A. trap heat of planet
- B. reflects heat from the planet
- C. reduces temperature of atmosphere
- D. all
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Greenhouse gases trap heat within Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
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You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease, and your data suggest a protective effect. While presenting your findings, a colleague asks whether you have thought about confounders, such as factor X. Under which of the following conditions could this factor have confounded your interpretation of the data?
- A. It is a risk factor for some other disease, but not heart disease.
- B. It is a risk factor associated with the physical activity measure and heart disease.
- C. It is part of the causal pathway by which physical activity affects heart disease.
- D. It has caused a lack of follow-up of test subjects.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A confounder must be associated with both the exposure (physical activity) and the outcome (heart disease), and it should not lie on the causal pathway between them.
Overall meteorology of geography is known as.
- A. climate
- B. global warming
- C. climate change
- D. none
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Climate refers to the long-term average of weather conditions in a particular area.
List examples of metallic compounds that pose environmental hazards. What are some examples of health effects thought to be associated with arsenic, mercury, and lead?
- A. Arsenic: cancer; Mercury: neurotoxicity; Lead: developmental delays.
- B. Arsenic: improved digestion; Mercury: enhanced memory; Lead: stronger bones.
- C. Arsenic: weight loss; Mercury: better vision; Lead: faster reflexes.
- D. Arsenic: increased stamina; Mercury: clearer speech; Lead: heightened focus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Arsenic is carcinogenic, mercury causes neurotoxicity, and lead impairs cognitive development, particularly in children.
Targets means—
- A. degree of achievement
- B. result that you want to achieve
- C. both a. and b.
- D. none
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Targets represent desired outcomes or achievements within a program.
For the cruise ship scenario, how would you display the time course of the outbreak?
- A. Endemic curve
- B. Epidemic curve
- C. Seasonal trend
- D. Secular trend
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An epidemic curve is used to show the time course of an outbreak.