Nokea
Harold, a 42-year-old African American, has moderate persistent asthma. Which of the following asthma medications should be used cautiously, if at all?
- A. Betamethasone, an inhaled corticosteroid
- B. Salmeterol, an inhaled long-acting beta-agonist
- C. Albuterol, a short-acting beta-agonist
- D. Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Salmeterol carries a Black Box Warning for increased asthma-related deaths, especially in African Americans, requiring caution; others are safer.
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The American Dietetic Association has recommended the use of specific nutritional supplements in the following population(s):
- A. 400 IU per day of vitamin D in all infants and children
- B. 1,000 IU per day of vitamin D for all pregnant women
- C. 60 mg per day of iron for all adults over age 50 years
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ADA recommends 400 IU/day of vitamin D for infants and children to support bone health.
While studying for the test, the nursing student encounters the following drug: papaverine (Pavabid). What does the nursing student identify the name Pavabid as?
- A. The generic name
- B. The chemical name
- C. The brand name
- D. The chemical and generic name
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Several clues indicate the brand name including capitalization of the first letter in the name and in parentheses. Generic names are not capitalized; chemical names are descriptions of the chemistry of the medication resulting in complicated names.
A nurse in a provider's office is monitoring serum electrolytes for four older adult clients who take digoxin. Which of the following electrolyte values increases a client's risk for Digoxin toxicity?
- A. Calcium 9.2 mg/dL
- B. Calcium 10.3 mg/dL
- C. Potassium 3.4 mEq/L
- D. Potassium 4.8 mEq/
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypokalemia (3.4 mEq/L, C) increases digoxin toxicity risk by enhancing its effects.
When melatonin is used to induce sleep, the recommendation is that the patient:
- A. Take 10 mg 30 minutes before bed nightly
- B. Take 1 to 5 mg 30 minutes before bed nightly
- C. Not take melatonin more than three nights a week
- D. Combine melatonin with zolpidem (Ambien) for the greatest impact on sleep
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 1-5 mg of melatonin 30 minutes before bed is the recommended dose for sleep induction.
While providing medications to clients on the cardiac unit, the nurse anticipates that hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil) would most likely be prescribed for which of the following clients?
- A. A 48-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with atrial fibrillation
- B. A 55-year-old African American female diagnosed with hypertension
- C. A 63-year-old Caucasian female diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome
- D. A 64-year-old African American male diagnosed with heart failure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: BiDil (hydralazine/isosorbide) is FDA-approved specifically for heart failure in African Americans , showing improved outcomes in this population.