Nokea
he theorist who believes that human behavior is influenced by past is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. B.F. Skinner
- D. Albert Bandura
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis links behavior to past experiences, especially childhood.
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When administering medications, a nurse would hold which medication for a patient who presents with jaundice? A. Valium B. Divalproex (Depakote) C. Lithium D. Verapamil
- A. Valium
- B. Divalproex (Depakote)
- C. Lithium
- D. Verapamil
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Divalproex (Depakote). Jaundice is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to liver dysfunction. Divalproex is metabolized in the liver, and in patients with jaundice, liver function may be compromised, leading to potential toxicity. Therefore, holding Divalproex for a patient with jaundice is essential to prevent further liver damage.
A: Valium is primarily metabolized in the liver, but it is generally safe to use in patients with mild to moderate liver impairment.
C: Lithium is primarily cleared through the kidneys, so liver dysfunction would not directly impact its clearance.
D: Verapamil is also primarily metabolized in the liver, but it is not contraindicated in patients with jaundice unless there is severe liver impairment.
The psychological test measure projective responses is
- A. Rorschach
- B. MMPI
- C. WAIS
- D. TAT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Rorschach test uses projective responses to uncover unconscious processes.
A client has not been taking his antidepressant medication as prescribed and is admitted with suicidal ideations. The nurse demonstrates an understanding of a possible underlying cause of a client's noncompliance with the treatment plan designed to help manage his depression when:
- A. Asking, 'Do you feel that you don't have any control over your depression?'
- B. Assessing the client's understanding of the risk depression presents for suicide.
- C. Documenting the son's statement that, 'We will do everything we can to help.'
- D. Observing the client interacting with family members when they visit the mental health unit.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it addresses the potential underlying cause of noncompliance - the client's sense of lack of control over their depression, which can lead to hopelessness and suicidal ideations. By asking this question, the nurse can assess the client's perception of their depression and empower them to discuss their feelings of helplessness.
Choice B focuses on assessing the client's understanding of the risk of suicide but does not directly address the underlying cause of noncompliance. Choice C involves documenting a supportive statement from the client's son, which is not directly related to the client's noncompliance. Choice D involves observing the client's interaction with family members, which may provide valuable information but does not directly address the underlying cause of noncompliance.
A client who has been prescribed chronotherapy for disrupted sleep patterns resulting from his chronic depression tells the nurse that he can't afford to stay in the hospital for the treatments since he has to get back to work. The nurse responds that:
- A. The therapy requires only a few treatments that can be accomplished in just a few days.
- B. Most employers will view the treatments as a medical necessity and provide sick leave.
- C. He can administer the treatments at home once he is trained to do so.
- D. His treatment team will discuss outpatient alternatives to this form of therapy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for choice C (correct answer):
1. Chronotherapy involves timed exposure to light and darkness to regulate sleep patterns.
2. The nurse suggests the client can administer the treatments at home once trained, indicating it's feasible.
3. This empowers the client to continue treatment while balancing work obligations.
4. It ensures continuity of care and adherence to the therapy plan.
Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect - Chronotherapy requires multiple treatments over several weeks, not just a few days.
B: Incorrect - While some employers may provide sick leave, it's not guaranteed and may not cover the entire treatment duration.
D: Incorrect - While outpatient alternatives may be discussed, administering at home is more practical for this client's situation.
Which class of medications increases the availability of serotonin by blocking the reuptake of serotonin at the presynaptic membrane?
- A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- B. Polyuria
- C. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- D. Lithium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin at the presynaptic membrane, leading to increased availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. This helps alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Choice B, Polyuria, is a symptom related to excessive urination and is not a class of medication. Choice C, Carbamazepine, is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer that works by different mechanisms, not by increasing serotonin availability. Choice D, Lithium, is also a mood stabilizer primarily used in bipolar disorder and does not directly increase serotonin levels.