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The Tuskegee Syphilis Study has had which of the following effects on the African American community?
- A. Greater suspicion and reluctance about participating in research studies
- B. Less use of complementary or alternative medical treatments
- C. Greater compliance with prescription medications
- D. Increased testing for syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tuskegee fostered deep mistrust in medical research among African Americans.
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In what significant ways is the therapeutic environment different for a patient who has ingested D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) than for a patient who has ingested phencyclidine (PCP)?
- A. For LSD ingestion, one person stays with the patient and provides verbal support. For PCP ingestion, a regimen of limited contact with staff members is maintained, and continual visual monitoring is provided.
- B. For PCP ingestion, the patient is placed on one-on-one intensive supervision. For LSD ingestion, a regimen of limited interaction and minimal verbal stimulation is maintained.
- C. For LSD ingestion, continual moderate sensory stimulation is provided. For PCP ingestion, continual high-level stimulation is provided.
- D. For LSD ingestion, the patient is placed in restraints. For PCP ingestion, seizure precautions are implemented.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because for a patient who has ingested LSD, it is important to have someone stay with them and provide verbal support due to the potential for anxiety and panic attacks. This helps in grounding the patient and providing reassurance. On the other hand, for a patient who has ingested PCP, a regimen of limited contact with staff members is maintained to prevent potential aggression or unpredictable behavior. Continual visual monitoring is provided to ensure safety without directly engaging with the patient.
Choice B is incorrect because placing a patient on one-on-one intensive supervision for PCP ingestion may escalate the situation due to potential paranoia or aggression. Choice C is incorrect because LSD ingestion may lead to sensory overload, so providing moderate sensory stimulation is more appropriate. Choice D is incorrect because restraints for LSD ingestion are not necessary and seizure precautions are not typically needed for PCP ingestion.
A survivor of physical spousal abuse was treated in the emergency department for a broken wrist. This patient said, Ive considered leaving, but I made a vow and I must keep it no matter what happens. Which outcome should be met before discharge? The patient will:
- A. facilitate counseling for the abuser.
- B. name two community resources for help.
- C. demonstrate insight into the abusive relationship.
- D. reexamine cultural beliefs about marital commitment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The only outcome indicator clearly attainable within this time is for staff to provide the victim with information about community resources that can be contacted. Development of insight into the abusive relationship and reexamining cultural beliefs will require time. Securing a restraining order can be accomplished quickly but not while the patient is in the emergency department. Facilitating the abusers counseling may require weeks or months.
A patient was admitted last night with a hip fracture sustained in a fall while intoxicated. The patient points to the Buck traction and screams, 'Somebody tied me up with ropes.' The patient is experiencing:
- A. illusion
- B. delusion
- C. hallucinations
- D. hypnagogic phenomenon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: illusion. An illusion is a misinterpretation of a real external stimulus. In this case, the patient is misperceiving the traction as ropes due to the altered mental state from intoxication. It is a sensory distortion based on a real object. Delusion (B) is a fixed false belief, not related to sensory perceptions. Hallucinations (C) are false sensory perceptions without external stimulus. Hypnagogic phenomenon (D) refers to sensory experiences during the transition from wakefulness to sleep, not applicable here.
A patient with HIV asks the nurse if thinking about dying frequently is common with HIV. What is an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. HIV is a serious disease that results in death.'
- B. Thinking about death will not change the prognosis.'
- C. HIV is now considered a chronic disease with treatment.'
- D. HIV has a very high mortality rate, so it is realistic to plan for death.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C:
1. HIV is now considered a chronic disease with treatment, meaning many individuals can live long and healthy lives with proper medical care.
2. By informing the patient that HIV is a chronic disease, the nurse can provide reassurance and hope.
3. Acknowledging the patient's concerns while highlighting the positive advancements in HIV care can help alleviate anxiety and provide comfort.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: This answer instills fear without providing accurate information about the current state of HIV treatment.
B: This answer dismisses the patient's concerns and does not offer any constructive information or support.
D: This answer is misleading as HIV mortality rates have significantly decreased with advancements in treatment, and planning for death should not be the primary focus for individuals living with HIV.
he theorist who believes that human behavior is influenced by past is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. B.F. Skinner
- D. Albert Bandura
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis links behavior to past experiences, especially childhood.