Nokea
Which experiencing actually increases our chances of success:
- A. Attitude
- B. Style
- C. Personality
- D. Positive emotions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Positive emotions (Fredrickson's broaden-and-build) enhance success by expanding resources.
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Identify and define the five stages of change addressed in motivational interviewing.
- A. Precontemplation: denial of problem; goal is to create awareness of the problem
- B. Contemplation: recognizing the need to change; goal is to increase motivation
- C. Determination: planning and committing to action
- D. Action: applying the change in real situations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Precontemplation: denial of problem; goal is to create awareness of the problem. In motivational interviewing, the first stage is Precontemplation, where the individual is unaware or in denial of the problem. The goal is to help them recognize the issue and increase awareness.
Choice B (Contemplation) is incorrect because it comes after Precontemplation and involves recognizing the need to change, not denial. Choice C (Determination) is incorrect as it follows Contemplation and involves planning and committing to action. Choice D (Action) is incorrect as it is the stage where the individual applies the change, which comes after Determination.
How many ideas are common in developmental theories:
- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 4
- D. 5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Common ideas (e.g., stages, environment, maturation, interaction) typically number around 4 across theories.
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient who has HIV. Which result would be strongly suggestive of a diagnosis of AIDS?
- A. CD4+ = 180/μL
- B. CD4+ percentage = 68%
- C. CD8+ = 650/μL
- D. CD4+/CD8+ ratio = 1.5
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a CD4+ count of 180/μL is significantly below the normal range (500-1500/μL) and indicative of severe immunosuppression, which is a hallmark of AIDS. CD4+ percentage alone (choice B) may not provide the full picture. CD8+ count (choice C) doesn't directly indicate immune system status in HIV/AIDS. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio (choice D) may be altered in various conditions, not specific to AIDS.
A client is questioning why she was told that the nausea she is experiencing with this new antidepressant medication will subside once her medication is regulated. Based on the pharmacologic principle of steady state, the nurse explains that:
- A. When her body reaches a steady point where introduction and elimination of the medication are constant the nausea will stop.
- B. Blood work can be done to determine the appropriate time her body will reach a steady state when the new medication will not cause the nausea.
- C. Antidepressants commonly cause nausea for the first 10 doses and once her body can steady the absorption of the medication the side effect will stop.
- D. Antidepressants have a relatively short half life that will allow for the blood serum's steady state to occur within a few days and then the nausea will stop.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because steady state refers to the point where drug intake equals drug elimination in the body, leading to a constant drug concentration. This equilibrium is reached after approximately 4-5 half-lives of the medication. Once the body reaches steady state, the drug's effects, including nausea, become more predictable and stable.
Choice B is incorrect because blood work cannot determine the exact time it takes for the body to reach steady state.
Choice C is incorrect because the number of doses is not a reliable indicator for when steady state is reached, as it depends on the drug's half-life and individual factors.
Choice D is incorrect because stating that antidepressants have a relatively short half-life is not universally true, and the time to reach steady state can vary depending on the specific medication and individual factors.
A 16-year-old wants to drive, but the parents will not allow it. A 14-year-old sibling was invited to several sleepovers, but the parents found reasons to deny permission. Both teens are annoyed because the parents buy clothes for them that are more suitable for younger children. The parents say, We dont want our kids to grow up too fast. Which term best describes this familys boundaries?
- A. Rigid
- B. Clear
- C. Enmeshed
- D. Differentiated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rigid boundaries are those that do not change or flex with changing circumstances, as indicated here by parents who are reluctant to revise their roles and expectations about their children as the children mature. Enmeshed boundaries are those that have failed to differentiate or develop individually; the family shares roles and thoughts to an excessive degree, without a healthy degree of individuality. Clear boundaries are not enmeshed; they are appropriate and well maintained.