Nokea
Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of infancy, occurring more in full-term infants. Of the following, the most common risk factor of development of hemangioma is
- A. male infant
- B. female infant
- C. infant of diabetic mother
- D. infant delivered by cesarean section
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Female infants are at higher risk for developing hemangiomas.
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Which statement best describes the clinical manifestations of the preterm newborn?
- A. Head is proportionately small in relation to the body.
- B. Sucking reflex is absent, weak, or ineffectual.
- C. Thermostability is well established.
- D. Extremities remain in attitude of flexion.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The statement that best describes the clinical manifestations of the preterm newborn is that the extremities remain in an attitude of flexion. This characteristic is known as the "fetal position" and is commonly observed in preterm infants due to their premature musculoskeletal development. The flexed position of the extremities is a result of the baby's position in the uterus and is a normal finding for preterm newborns. Other clinical manifestations of preterm newborns may include a disproportionately large head in relation to the body, an immature or weak sucking reflex, and decreased thermostability due to their underdeveloped thermoregulatory systems.
A female child, age 6, is brought to the health clinic for a routine checkup. To assess the child's vision, the nurse should ask:
- A. "Do you have any problems seeing different colors?"
- B. "Do you have trouble seeing at night?"
- C. "Do you have problems with glare?"
- D. "How are you doing in school?"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Asking the child if they have any problems seeing different colors is a suitable way to assess their vision during a routine checkup. Issues with colors can indicate potential color blindness or other vision problems. Asking about night vision (choice B) or glare (choice C) might be more relevant in specific situations or with older patients. Inquiring about their performance in school (choice D) could provide information related to vision but is not as direct and specific as asking about color vision.
You are evaluating a 6-year-old male child with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH); the parents state that the most common site of bone involvement is
- A. skull
- B. vertebra
- C. mandible
- D. pelvis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Skull is the most common site of bone involvement in LCH.
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes insipidus. The nurse should anticipate the administration of:
- A. insulin.
- B. poatassium chloride.
- C. furosemide (Lasix)
- D. vasopressin (Pitressin).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to conserve water, leading to excessive urination and extreme thirst. The main treatment for diabetes insipidus is the administration of vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH). Vasopressin helps the kidneys retain water, reduce urine output, and stabilize the body's fluid balance. Therefore, in caring for a client with diabetes insipidus, the nurse should anticipate the administration of vasopressin to help manage the symptoms of excessive urination and dehydration.
The nurse teaches a patient how to live with a new tracheostomy. Which of the ff. instructions is appropriate?
- A. "Never suction your tracheostomy; you might damage your trachea."
- B. ""You should not feel bad about the tracheostomy – you should be feel lucky to be alive."
- C. "Be sure to protect your tracheostomy from pollutants such as powders, hair and chemicals."
- D. "Your tracheostomy will be cleaned each time you visit your doctor."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Option C, "Be sure to protect your tracheostomy from pollutants such as powders, hair and chemicals," is the most appropriate instruction for a patient with a new tracheostomy. It is important to keep the tracheostomy site clean and free from any potential irritants or contaminants that could cause infection or complications. Powders, hair, and chemicals can lead to irritation or clogging of the tracheostomy tube, so it is crucial for the patient to be mindful of avoiding such pollutants near the tracheostomy site.