Nokea
Hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for which of the following malignancy?
- A. hepatoblastoma
- B. splenic lymphoma
- C. Hodgkin lymphoma
- D. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hepatitis C is a known risk factor for splenic lymphoma and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
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One of the complications of prolonged bed rest is decubitus ulcer. Which of the following can best prevent its occurrence?
- A. Massage reddened areas with lotion or oils
- B. Use special water mattress
- C. Turn frequently every 2 hours
- D. Keep skin clean and dry
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Turning the patient frequently every 2 hours helps relieve pressure on specific areas of the body, hence reducing the risk of developing decubitus ulcers. Prolonged pressure on the skin can lead to poor blood circulation and tissue damage, which can eventually progress into decubitus ulcers. By turning the patient regularly, the pressure is redistributed and different areas of the skin are relieved from constant stress. This simple measure is an effective way to prevent the occurrence of decubitus ulcers in patients on prolonged bed rest.
Because of the significant association of lead intoxication with poverty, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends blood lead screening at
- A. 6 and 12 months
- B. 12 and 24 months
- C. 24 and 36 months
- D. 36 and 48 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood lead screening is recommended at 12 and 24 months.
The least common late neurologic sequelae that may be encountered post craniospinal irradiation in a 9-year-old child with medulloblastoma is
- A. microcephaly
- B. learning disabilities
- C. cognitive impairment
- D. second malignancy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Second malignancy is a rare late effect compared to cognitive and learning impairments.
The parent of a child with glomerulonephritis asks how they will know the child is improving. Which is the best response?
- A. Your child's urine output will increase and the urine will become less tea-colored.
- B. Your child will rest more comfortably as lab values normalize.
- C. Your child's appetite will decrease.
- D. Your child's lab values will become more normal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An increase in urine output and a return to normal urine color are clear, observable signs of improvement in glomerulonephritis.
A client has just completed a course in radiation therapy and is experiencing radio-dermatitis. The most effective method of treating the skin is to:
- A. Wash the area with soap and warm water
- B. Leave the skin alone until it is clear
- C. Apply a cream or lotion to the area
- D. Avoid applying creams or lotion to the area
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Radio-dermatitis is a common side effect of radiation therapy, characterized by inflammation and irritation of the skin. Applying a cream or lotion to the affected area can help soothe the skin, reduce inflammation, and provide relief from symptoms such as itching and discomfort. It is important to choose a cream or lotion that is specifically designed for sensitive skin and recommended by healthcare professionals to ensure effectiveness and safety in managing radio-dermatitis. Washing the area with soap and warm water may further irritate the skin, while leaving the skin alone may prolong discomfort and delay healing. Avoiding creams or lotions may lead to dryness and further discomfort.