Nokea
High intakes of which of the following interfere with copper absorption and can lead to a deficiency?
- A. chromium
- B. sodium
- C. zinc
- D. manganese
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, zinc. High intakes of zinc can interfere with copper absorption, potentially leading to copper deficiency. Copper is essential for various bodily functions, including iron metabolism. Choice A, chromium, is incorrect because chromium does not interfere with copper absorption. Choice B, sodium, and Choice D, manganese, are also incorrect as they do not interfere with copper absorption.
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Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may be responsible for the increased incidence of noma and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) because these conditions are associated with depressed immune responses caused by nutritional deficiencies.
- A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
- B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
- C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
- D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The corrected question highlights that protein-energy malnutrition weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to conditions like noma and NUG, which are linked to compromised immunity. Choice A is correct because the statement and reason are both accurate and directly related. Protein-energy malnutrition does result in depressed immune responses, which can predispose individuals to noma and NUG. Choice B is incorrect because the statement and reason are indeed related. Choice C is incorrect as both the statement and reason are accurate. Choice D is also incorrect as the statement is correct and directly supports the reason provided.
Where is Vitamin K synthesized?
- A. by bacteria in the GI tract
- B. by the body by sunlight
- C. deficiency is called beriberi
- D. found in vegetable oils
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Choice B is incorrect as the synthesis of Vitamin D, not K, can be induced by sunlight exposure. Choice C is incorrect as beriberi is a condition caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, not Vitamin K. Choice D is incorrect as Vitamin E is commonly found in vegetable oils, not Vitamin K.
What is the function of the gallbladder?
- A. to store bile
- B. to produce bile
- C. to digest bile
- D. to modify bile to a liquid form
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "to store bile." The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile produced by the liver. It releases bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Choice B is incorrect because the liver produces bile, not the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the gallbladder does not digest bile but stores and releases it for digestion. Choice D is incorrect because bile is already in liquid form; the gallbladder does not modify it to a liquid state.
Which of the following foods provides the most protein?
- A. Beans
- B. Red peppers
- C. Asparagus
- D. Celery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
What type of drug is lamivudine, used for the management of HIV infection?
- A. CCR5 antagonist
- B. fusion inhibitor
- C. nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
- D. protease inhibitor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lamivudine belongs to the class of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), making choice C the correct answer. NRTIs like lamivudine work by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, an essential component for the HIV virus to replicate. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because lamivudine does not function as a CCR5 antagonist, fusion inhibitor, or protease inhibitor in the management of HIV infection.