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Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. What is this ratio?
- A. 1:5
- B. 1:10
- C. 1:15
- D. 1:20
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ratio needed for homeostasis is 1 part carbonic acid to 20 parts bicarbonate.
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The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis. What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?
- A. 1000 mL
- B. 1500 mL
- C. 2050 mL
- D. 2500 mL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daily fluid intake and output is about 2200 to 2700 mL/day, and urinary output is about 1000 to 2000 mL/day.
What should the nurse focus on when creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic acidosis?
- A. Frequent periods of ambulation
- B. Increasing fluid intake
- C. Decreasing fluid intake
- D. Deep-breathing exercises
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Deep breathing will cause the patient to blow off CO2 and assist in increasing the pH and reduce the acidity.
What is the nurse closely assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?
- A. Systemic edema
- B. Cardiac complications
- C. Muscle cramping
- D. Impaired kidney function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia can affect cardiac function.
What are the three types of passive transport?
- A. Diffusion
- B. Titration
- C. Osmosis
- D. Distillation
- E. Filtration
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: The three types of passive transport are diffusion, osmosis, and filtration.
What are the three buffer systems of the body?
- A. Bicarbonate/carbonic acid system
- B. Respiratory system
- C. Renal system
- D. GI system
- E. Integumentary system
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The bicarbonate/carbonic acid system, the respiratory system, and the renal system are the buffer systems of the body.